794 
for March 16th a paper entitled ‘A propos de la 
question du climat des temps glaciaires,’ in 
which he states it as his belief that the problem 
of the climate of glacial periods will be solved 
through a careful study of the meteorological 
and other conditions of the Antarctic. 
Mr. H. N. Dickson, lecturer in physical 
geography in the University of Oxford, con- 
tributes a paper on ‘The Circulation of the 
Surface Waters of the North Atlantic Ocean’ 
to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 
Society of London, Series A, Vol. 196, pp. 61-208. 
The plates, which are colored, show the monthly 
distribution of temperature and of salinity in 
the surface waters of the North Atlantic during 
the years 1896 and 1897. 
‘CLoup observations during 1896 and 1897 
at Toronto’ is the title of a recent publication 
of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion 
of Canada (4to, Toronto, 1901, pp. 27). These 
observations were begun September 21, 1896, 
and were made by means of theodolites. The 
full tables of observations-are given, but there 
is no discussion of the results, there being only 
the briefest summary of average altitudes and 
velocities by months. 
MaAmmMotxH Tank, in the eastern portion of 
San Diego Co., Cal., on the line of the Southern 
Pacific R. R., is one of the most interesting 
meteorological stations in the United States. 
‘The Climatology of Mammoth Tank’ is the 
title of a brief article in the February number 
of Climate and Crops: California Section. The 
mean annual rainfall for 23 years is 1.81 inches. 
The maximum temperature recorded was 130°, 
on Aug. 17,1878. The warmest month is July, 
with a mean temperature of 98.5°. 
R. DEC. WARD. 
FRANCOIS QUESNAY. 
THE Smithsonian Institution has received a 
Livre d’Or, published in commemoration of M. 
Francois Quesnay, who died in December, 
1774, at the age of eighty years, and was buried 
at his birthplace, Méré, Seine-et-Oise, France. 
The monument and book were the project of 
the Société populaire, of which M. J. Allain-Le 
Canu was president and prime mover. The 
monument was determined upon at Méré dur- 
SCIENCE. 
‘men of his country and his age. 
[N. S. Vou. XIII. No. 333. 
ing the Féte Scolaire held July 10, 1892, and was 
completed and inaugurated August 23, 1896. 
At both ceremonies there were large attendance 
and great enthusiasm. At the former, addresses 
were delivered by M. Quesnay de Beaurepaire, 
the great-grandson of him whom they honored, 
and at the latter by MM. Bourgeat, represent- 
ing the Minister of Public Instruction and 
Beaux Arts, Frederick Passy, M. Bellan and 
M. Marcel Habert. 
M. Francois Quesnay was an ignorant coun- 
try boy. He did not learn to read until after 
he was eleven years old, when he became 
enamored of the science of medicine, in which 
he acquired such skill as that he was appointed 
physician to the King, Louis XV. He became 
the founder of the science of political economy 
in France, and finally one of the most learned 
His eminence 
in these branches of science was such that, two 
hundred years after he was born, his friends 
and the neighbors of his town, desiring to give 
him honor accorditg to his renown, erected a 
monument in his memory in the town of his 
birth. 
Alexander Quesnay, descendant of Frangois, 
came to America and fought on her side during 
the War, of Independence. He remained here 
after the war, taking up his residence in Rich- 
mond, Va., where he was chosen and served as 
president of the Academy. 
THOMAS WILSON. 
A SUMMARY OF WISCONSIN ARCHEOLOGY. 
Memepers of the Wisconsin Society of Natural 
History are making systematic efforts to sum- 
marize the data of Wisconsin archeology and 
to preserve the archeological records, speci- 
mens and mounds of the State. A committee 
has been appointed for this purpose. It con- 
sists of ©. D. Stanhope, H. Denison, W. 
J. Bennetts and Charles E. Brown. This 
committee has prepared a circular letter to be 
sent to every person in the State who is thought 
to be interested in the archeology of Wiscon- 
sin. 
There are about three hundred collections of 
specimens from Wisconsin, varying in size from 
five hundred to five thousand objects, which 
