1896.] ANATOMY OF iECHMOPHOKITS MAJOE. 643 



biceps of olher birds. Tbe coracoidal part of the muscle again 

 divides into two parts, of which one supplies the radius, and tbe 

 other the ulna. Dr. Gadow mentions, upon the authority of 

 Meckel, that in Brmantopus and Scolopax tbe biceps is divided. I 

 find in a specimen of Himantopus nigricollis tbe following 

 arrangement oE the several parts of this compound muscle. The 

 muscle has two distinct portions — one, which may perhaps corre- 

 spond to the entire biceps of other birds, has tbe two normal lieads, 

 one arising from the humerus, tbe other from the coracoid. In 

 addition to this is a distinct coracoidal portion which has a common 

 origin from the coracoid with the coracoidal half of the double 

 head of the muscle. In Gursorms I also found the biceps to be 

 double much in the same way ; but the division only commenced a 

 little way below the level of the humeral attachment. Finally, in 

 LohivaneUws there were indications merely of the same division by 

 a superficial furrow extending for some way up the muscle. 



In the Grulls proper (the Larince of Howard Saunders) there is a 

 syrinx of a more typical form than in any Limicoline bird known 

 to me. Its more " typical" character consists in the fact that the 

 single pair of intrinsic muscles are attached to the first bronchial 

 semiring, and that that ring is bowed and closely attached to the last 

 of six or seven slightly modified tracheal rings. In the Limicolae, 

 on the other hand, the intrinsic muscles are frequently absent 

 (Himantopus, Hcematoptts, Squatarola), and when present do not as 

 a rule extend down as far as the bronchi ; they end upon a tracheal 

 ring at a variable distance from the end, though in some cases at 

 least they may be continued as far as the bronchi by fibrous tissue. 

 Lestris, however, has a syrinx which differs from that of the Gulls 

 in that the intrinsic muscles end at the last tracheal ring, being 

 attached partly to this and partly to the two in front ; the muscle, 

 in fact, is inserted rather obliquely. No very distinct line can there- 

 fore be drawn between the two groups in the structure of the syrinx. 



Some justification for the association of the Larida3 with the 

 AlcidsB is to be found in the disposition of the tendons of the 

 tensor patagii brevis. In the Gulls, as in Limicoline birds generally, 

 the tendon of the brevis muscle is double from the commencement, 

 while the anterior of its two parts gives off just before its attach- 

 ment a wristward slip from which passes upward obliquely the 

 patagial fan to be inserted on to the tendon of the longus. There is, 

 too, in both groups invariably a biceps slip, which may be inferred 

 from Prof. Fiirbringer's statement : as, however, I am acquainted, 

 from my own dissections and from the sketches left by my two 

 predecessors, with a larger series of both Laridss and Limicolse than 

 were known toDr.riirbringer, the fact seems to be worth emphasizing. 

 In Larus argentatus there is, as is shown by a sketch of Mr. Forbes's, 

 a peculiar tendinous slip passing from the tendon of the longus 

 patagii to the flexor side of the forearm, which is quite distinct 

 from the patagial fan already referred to. This has not been 

 observed in any Limicoline birds but Gharadrius pluvialis ; it is 

 highly characteristic of the Alcidse. It may therefore be useful to 



