900 ME. S. S. ITLOWEB ON TUB KEl'TILES AND [DeC. ] , 



before, I can find no constant characters to separate the two 

 varieties, the following points should be noticed : — 



(i.) Breadth of interorbital space compared to the distance 



between the nostrils, 

 (ii.) General form of the snout, 

 (iii.) Shape and pi'onunence of the tympanic fold, 

 (iv.) Shape of the tympanum. 



(V.) Amount of emarginatiou in the webbing of the hind 

 toes. 



Localities. Of the Penang Aariety 1 collected seven specimens 

 in small ponds on Penang Hill, at elevations of from 2000' to 2200', 

 in March 189G. They are active frogs and good swimmers, and 

 locally called " Koklok-ayer " (Malay). There is in the British 

 Museum a specimen from Mr. Wray, from the hills of Lariit, 

 Perak, at an elevation of between 3000' and 4000', which agrees 

 with the Penang variety in the more pointed snout, in the distance 

 between the nostrils being greater than the interorbital space, in 

 the skin having longitudinal glandular folds, and in the webbing 

 of the hind feet, but the tympanic fold is angular. 



Of the Singapore variety I collected eight specimens from the 

 following places in the island — Passir Panjang, Botanical Gardens, 

 and Bukit Timah, at elevations of less than 400 ft., in January and 

 April 1896. Pour large specimens from Dr. Dennys, one from the 

 llaflies Museum, and three young specimens from Mr. llidley, all 

 from Singapore, and now in the British Museum, agree with my 

 specimens of corresponding sizes, and are distinctly of this variety, 

 the full-grown ones showing well the characteristic broad head 

 and angular prominent tympanic fold. There are several large 

 specimens of this variety in the Eaffles Museum, Singapore; one 

 (in spirit) has a DryopJiis praslnus in its mouth. This Prog seems 

 counnon but local in Singapore island, and is known as the " red 

 frog " or " Ivoldok-meruh " (Malay) : it is a V(;ry handsome animal 

 from its athletic build, bright eye, and brilliant colour, which last, 

 however, helps to conceal the frog when (as I have more than once 

 found it) among large fallen leaves of the same bright red as itself. 

 "When frightened, both the Penang and Singapore varieties take to 

 the water, diving straight in and seeking concealment immediately 

 at the bottom. 



Although, as f;ir as we know, only the one variety inhabits 

 Penang and the other Singapore, there are specimens of both in 

 the British Museum from Java, and also from Borneo, where are 

 also intermediate forms with the angular tympanic fold, but the 

 distance between the nostrils greater than the interorbital space, 

 and with fully-webbed hind feet. There is a specimen in the 

 British Museum from Great Natuna Island, from Mr. Hose, wliich 

 seems identical with the Singapore variety. 



Colour, from life. Specimens from Penang Hill.— Upper parts 

 rich dark olive-brown or green, with or without a broad orange 

 vertebral line. Chin white. Belly and lower side of limbs pale 

 orange. 



