1896.] bEEn FEOM NORTnilEN CItlNAi &33 



A. Antlers cupped, normally with a bez-tine. 



1. C. elaphus. Europe to Asia Minor and N. Africa. In 



the Barbary form the bez-tine generally wanting. Tail 

 long. _ 



2. C, maral. Caucasus, Carpathians, and Eastern Persia. 



Face longer than in Red Deer, and antlers generally 

 simpler ; but probably only a larger form of that 

 species. 



3. C. xanthopygus. Typically from Northern China. Not 



fully delined from No. 1 ; and part of its area perhaps 

 belonging to other species. 



B. Antlers normally not cupped. 



a. Antlers with a bez-tine ; muzzle and chin dark, or not pure 

 white. 



4. G. cashmirianus. Kashmir. Antlers usually with five, 



but sometimes more tines, of which the bez generally 

 exceeds the brow in length ; in form regularly curved. 

 Caudal disk generally small, and white, but occasion- 

 ally wanting. Tail short. Colour brown or brownish- 

 ash. 



5. 0. yarcandensis. Tarkand. Closely allied to last. 



6. C. qfflnis. East of Sikhim and Darjiling. Differs from 



O. caskmirianus in the beam of the antlers being 

 much bent forward above the origin of the trez-tine ; 

 bez-tine sometimes larger than the brow, but less 

 constantly than in 0. cashmirianus. Only five tines 

 to antlers, which are very large. Caudal disk well 

 developed. 



7. G. eusteplianus. Thian-Shan and Altai. Closely allied 



to the Wapiti, from which the antlers appear insepar- 

 able, although the legs are shorter. 



8. G. luehdorjl. N. Manchuria. Doubtfully distinct from 



the last. Grey in winter, brown in summer. 



9. C, canadensis. Antlers curving backwards, but slightly 



converging, and much flattened where the tines divide ; 

 the fourth tine very large, and the posterior terminal 

 tine also large and directed backwards, nearly in 

 the plane of the fourth. More than five tines. 

 Caudal disk very large, and throat-fringe gi'eatly 

 developed ; neck dark-coloured. Tail very short ; face 

 short. 



10. C. bedfordianus. N. China. Allied to last, but smaller 



and more slenderly built. Summer coat uniformly foxy ; 

 winter coat dark brown, with large yellow caudal disk ; 

 throat-fringe thin and particoloured in autumn. 



6. Antlers without a bez-tine ; muzzle and chin pure white. 



11. C. thoroUi. Tibet. 



