216 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. III. No. 58, 



These formations occupy long narrow belts, 

 comparable in extent with the sedimentary 

 rocks, and belts of plutonie rocks alternate with 

 volcanic rocks. Attention was called to the 

 prevalence and attitudes of the schistose plane, 

 due to deformation, and to the similar deforma- 

 tion of sediments and crystallines in the same 

 area. The whole series of stratigraphic and 

 structural results in sediments and crystallines 

 was classified as part of the Appalachian system. 



Prof. Van Hise discussed the relations of 

 secondary structures to the forces that produced 

 them, and it was concluded that there have 

 been two entirely different structures described 

 under the term 'cleavage.' Following the 

 English geologists, it was held that one of these 

 structures develops normal to the pressure in a 

 deep-seated zone of rock flow, and that this 

 ought properly to be called ' cleavage. ' Fol- 

 lowing Becker it was held that there have often 

 developed two intersecting structures on shear- 

 ing planes in the zone of fracture. For this 

 structure the term ' fissility ' was proposed. 



Mr. Becker, in discussing Prof. Van. Hise's 

 paper, expressed himself as certain that true 

 cleavages as well as ruptures are produced at 

 large angles (not necessarily 45°) to the line of 

 force. He regards the existence of such cleav- 

 ages as well established, both by experiment 

 and by theory. In his opinion, no adequate 

 theoretical or experimental basis exists for as- 

 serting that cleavage is normal to force, and 

 field observations on slates leave the exact 

 direction of force to inference. 



The communication, which was listened to 

 with much interest, was illustrated by a num- 

 ber of diagrams. 



On account of the importance of the subject 

 it was proposed to invite Prof. Van Hise to give 

 the Society a more extended presentation of it 

 at the meeting to be held January 29th. 



W. F. MOESELL. 

 INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



The eleventh annual meeting of the Indiana 

 Academy of Science was held at Indianapolis, 

 December 27-28, 1895. 



The meeting was quite largely attended and 

 much interest was manifested. More than forty 

 new names were added to our list of members. 



The address of the retiring President, Mr. 

 Amos W. Butler, on ' Indiana : A Century of 

 Changes in the Aspects of Nature,' was in- 

 tensely interesting and very instructive. 



The papers were numerous and most of them, 

 of importance to the scientific work of the 

 State. 



The report of the Biological Survey on Turkey 

 Lake deserves special mention. It indicated a 

 great amount of work and will be productive of 

 much good in creating a deeper interest in such 

 work. Many papers ought to be mentioned, 

 but space will not permit. 



The oflBcers for the next year are as follows : 



President, Stanley Coulter, Purdue Univer- 

 sity;' Vice-President, Thomas C. Gray, Rose 

 Polytechnic; Secretary, John S. Wright, Indian- 

 apolis; Assistant Secretary, A. J. Bigney, 

 Mooles Hill College; Treasurer, W. P. Shan- 

 non, Greensburg. 



The Spring meeting will probably be held in 

 connection with the Ohio Academy, near the 

 State line. A. J. Bigney, 



Assistant Secretary. 



NEW BOOKS. 

 Anleitung zur Mikrochemischen Analyse. H. 



Behrens. Hamburg & Leipzig, Leopold 



Voss. 1896. Pp. xiii+108. M. 5. 

 Handbook to the British Mammalia. R. Lydek— 



KEE. London, W. H. Allen & Co. Limited. 



1895. Pp. xiii+339. 

 The Elements of Physics, Vol. I., Mechanics and 



Seat. Edward L. Nichols and William 



S. Franklin. New York and London, 



Macmillan & Co. 1896. Pp. xi+228. $50. 

 The Story of the Solar System. G. F. Chambers. 



New York, D. Appleton & Co. 1896. Pp. 



181. 40 cents. 

 Life, Letters and Works of Louis Agaasiz. Jules 



Marcou. New York and London. 1896. 



Vol. I., pp. ix + 303; VoL IL, pp. x + 318. 



$4.00. 

 Old Faiths and New Facts. William W. Kens- 

 ley. New York, D. Appleton & Co. 1896. 



Pp. 345. $1.50. 

 Studies of Childhood. James Sully. New York, 



D. Appleton & Co. 1896. Pp. viii + 527. 



$2.50. 



