Fbbeuaey 14, 1896.] 



SCIENCE. 



247 



depth of 100 fathoms, is mainly to inform the 

 general reader what oceanographic research 

 consists of, how it is carried on, and, in general, 

 what has been accomplished ; but it will also be 

 found useful in the hands of the observer of 

 oceanographic data and of the student of oceano- 

 graphic problems. 



An important feature of the book is the biblo- 

 graphic list at the end. 



As the operations referred to are in the main 

 those which are carried on in the waters of 

 lesser depth bordering the oceans, a less general 

 title would have been more appropriate. 



No inadvertence in the revision of the proofs 

 has been detected except the manifest confusion 

 between t and t' and f and f in the explanation 

 of the hygBometric formulae on page 110. 



G. W. LiTTLBHALES. 



SCIENTIFIC J0UENAL8. 



JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY, DECEMBER-JANUARY. 



Review of the Geological Literature of the South 

 African Republic: By S. F. Emmons. The 

 great and rapid development of gold mining in 

 the Transvaal has attracted the attention of the 

 world to this region, not otherwise of immediate 

 interest. This article sums up the literature 

 concerning the gold fields. The most important 

 of these is the Witwatersrand, usually called 

 'the Band,' in which Johannesburg is situated. 

 This is in the southern part of the Republic. 

 It is about 2,000 square miles in extent. The 

 rocks are auriferous conglomerates of which 

 there are several beds. On the whole the gold 

 is distributed rather uniformly in these beds. 

 They are crossed by basic dikes as well as quartz 

 veins, and at the intersection of the latter the 

 quartz is said to be peculiarly rich. As to the 

 origin, the author quotes Smeisser as saying 

 that the evidence points to the fact of deposit 

 with the conglomerate ' fossil placer deposits ' 

 and also to deposit from solution subsequently. 

 Working has progressed to a depth of nine 

 hundred feet, but drill holes show that workable 

 beds extend much deeper. The average gold 

 content of this region is ten to fifteen dollars 

 per ton. The output for 1894 was £7,800,000; 

 that of 1895 is estimated at £8,750,000. Hatch 

 estimates the whole product of the Transvaal 



at £700,000,000, a sum greater than the whole 

 product of the United States up to date. 



Igneous Intrusions in the neighborhood of the 

 Black Hills of Dakota: By I. C. Russell. 

 This is a description of a series of hills on the 

 northern border of the Black Hills which ap- 

 pear to be of a type not clearly recognized 

 heretofore. All are due to the intrusion of 

 igneous rock into stratified beds, but they differ 

 from the laccolites of Gilbert in that the molten 

 material did not spread out into a broad dome. 

 They differ equally from the volcanic necks of 

 Button, since they did not reach the surface. 

 The name Plutonic Plug is proposed for the in- 

 truded mass. Perhaps the most impressive of 

 these plugs is that of Mato Teepee, which has 

 been completely uncovered and rises almost 

 perpendicularly from its platform to a height of 

 625 feet. Basaltic structure is beautifully de- 

 veloped, the columns reaching a diameter of 

 ten feet. How the sedimentary beds were 

 lifted or displaced to admit of the intrusion of 

 such a mass is not clear to the author. 



The Geology of New Hampshire: By C. H.. 

 Hitchcock. Historical accounts of the surveys 

 of several States have already been given in the 

 Journal. The present article continues the series. 

 The first survey of new Hampshire was begun in 

 1839 by Dr. C. T. Jackson, of Boston. This 

 lasted three years. The second survey, under 

 the direction of the author, was begun in 186& 

 and continued ten years. Great diflficulties 

 were encountered in thewildness of the region, 

 and the fact that the study of crystalline rock& 

 had not at that time progressed very far, and 

 the crystalline area iu the State was consider- 

 able. Much attention was paid to surface geol- 

 ogy. Such questions as the direction of move- 

 ment of the ice sheet, the diversity of the ' ice 

 age, ' terminal moraines, river terraces, etc. , were 

 carefully studied and much light was thrown 

 upon them during the course of this survey. 



North American Graptolites : By R. R. GUE- 

 LEY. No general revision of the American 

 graptolites has been attempted since Hall's work 

 was completed, thirty years ago. This paper is 

 an attempt at such a zoologic and geologic re- 

 vision, though its aim is mainly geologic. All 

 the species known in American strata are dis- 

 cussed with reference to generic disposal and 



