456 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. III. No. 64. 



and the production and development of voice 

 in man and in mammals described. The vocal 

 cords and the glottis in birds were described, 

 and the control, regulation and volume of voice 

 mentioned. 



Mr. C. J. Maynard, in commenting on Dr. 

 Goodale's remarks, described the tympaniform 

 membrane of birds, and mentioned that in the 

 wild goose the whole bronchial tube formed one 

 vibrating membrane. Samuel Henshaw, 



Secretary. 



ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILA- 

 DELPHIA, MARCH 3, 1896. 



Messbs. Morris E. Leeds and J. S. Stokes 

 on behalf of Messrs. Queen & Co. made com- 

 munications on the historical development of 

 studies in connection with Eontgen photog- 

 raphy, presenting the most advanced views re- 

 garding the nature of the X-rays as published by 

 various investigators. They also exhibited a 

 series of fine pictures illustrating the applica- 

 tion of the process to the study of biology and 

 the results obtained by the use of quick and 

 slow plates and various developers. 



Dr. Egbert having alluded to the results ob- 

 tained by him from the direct rays of the sun 

 through platinum plates, Mr. Leeds called at- 

 tention to the desirability of experimenting 

 with the sun's rays reflected from a mirror. If 

 a positive result be obtained it would demon- 

 strate either that it is incorrect to say that the 

 rays cannot be reflected, or those producing 

 Dr. Egbert's effects are not Rontgen rays. 



Mr. Joseph Willcox presented a collection of 

 308 recent and fossil Fulgurs from various local- 

 ities and geological horizons, illustrating with 

 extraordinary completeness the evolution of the 

 form. 



A preliminary announcement was made of 

 the presentation, by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith, of 

 fine collections of mammals, birds, reptiles and 

 insects made by him during his recent explora- 

 tion of western Somali Land, Africa. 

 Edw. J. Nolan, 



Recording Secretary. 



NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCIENCE CLUB. 



At the meeting of February 7th Dr. Marcy in 

 chair and thirty-three persons present. Dr. W. 



A. Phillips presented a study of flaking refuse, 

 based upon an extensive series of flakes and 

 flaked cobblestones from sites of working, near 

 Benton, Lake county, Illinois. The series oflTers 

 several hundred outer flakes of which over 

 two hundred are used flakes, assignable to 

 six distinct uses from the character of the wear 

 at edge or surface. Outer flakes are greatly in 

 excess of other flakes in the refuse. 



A large number of flaked cobblestones and 

 of unused flakes, smaller, but still from the 

 outside of the stone were treated as waste, 

 nuclei and failures respectively. Specializa- 

 tions of the flake for hafting principally are 

 represented, while further shaping of the cob- 

 blestone is wanting in a finished product. It 

 is, however, represented in a limited series of 

 rejects, indicating sporadic use of the nuclei. 

 The rocks here used were diabase, found in the 

 beach gravels of Lake Michigan, near sites. The 

 nature and form of flake was due to the shape of 

 the cobblestone. The operation used in produc- 

 ign the flake and illustrated by experimental re- 

 sults was referred directly to the hammerstone ; 

 the stone in the hand yielding the flake, the stone 

 struck resting on the ground and serving only for 

 the necessary percussion. A large number of 

 lantern slides were used in illustration. Micro- 

 scopic sections of rock from which the flakes 

 came, prepared by Mr. Stebbins under Prof. 

 Crook's direction, were exhibited. 



A. R. Crook, 



EvANSTON, III. Sea-etary. 



THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF ST. LOUIS. 



At the meeting of March 2, 22 persons pres- 

 ent, Mr. F. W. Duenckel presented a compari- 

 son of the records of the United States Meteor- 

 ological Observatory, located on the Govern- 

 ment building in the city, with the record for 

 the Forest Park station, showing that the daily 

 minimum averaged decidedly lower at the 

 Forest Park station than in the city, while the 

 wind averaged decidedly higher for the city 

 station. 



Prof. E. A. Engler spoke on the summation 

 of certain series of numbers. 



William Trelease, 

 Becording Secretory. 



