SCIENCE 



Editoeial Committee : S. Newcomb, Mathematics ; R. S. Woodwaed, Mechanics ; E. C. Pickering, As- 



b-onomy ; T. C. Mendenhall, Physics ; E. H. Thueston, Engineering ; Iea Ekmsen, Chemistry ; 



J. Lb Conte, Geology; W. M. Davis, Physiography; O. C. Maesh, Paleontology; W. K. Beooks, 



Invertebrate Zoology ; C. Haet Meeeiam, Vertebrate Zoology ; S. H. Scuddee, Entomology ; 



N. L. Beitton, Botany ; Heney F. Osboen, General Biology ; H. P. Bowditch, 



Physiology ; J. S. Billings, Hygiene ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology ; 



Daniel G. Beinton, J. W. Powell, Anthropology ; 



G. Bkown Goode, Scientific Organization. 



Friday, Apeil 3, 1896. 



CONTENTS: 



Expedition to Seriland: W J McGee 493 



Note on the Permanence of the Rutherfurd Plwto- 



graphic Measures : Haeold J ACOBY 505 



Annual Reception and Exhibit of the New York 



Academy of Sciences: T. H. Wade 507 



Cwrrent Notes on Anthropology : — 



The Indian as a Farmer ; Racial Psychology / 



D. G. Beinton 509 



Scientific Notes and Neios 510 



University and Educational News : — 

 Graduate Scholarships and Fellowships in the Uni- 

 versity of Pennsylvania; General 512 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Certitudes and Illusions : M. Principles of Marine 

 Zoogeography: Theo. Gill. Rontgen Bay Experi- 

 ments: Dayton C. Millee. The Inverted Im- 

 age on the Retina : C. L. F. Necessary and Suffi- 

 cient Tests of Truth: M. M. The Temperature 

 of the Earth's Crust : Ellen Hayes. The 

 Prerogatives of a State Geologist : Eeasmus Ha- 



WOETH 513 



Scientific Literature : — 



Pangs on the Weasels of Eastern North America : 

 C. H. M. Clarice's Report on the Field Work in 

 Chenango County, N. T.: C. S. Peossee. Sol- 

 man's Logarithms: Heebeet A. HowB 525 



Scientific Journals : — 



JVie American Journal of Science; The American 

 Clwtnical Journal ; Psyche 527 



Societies and Academies : — 



New York Academy of Sciences : Section of Biol- 

 ogy : C. L. Beistol. Section of Geology : J. F. 

 Kemp. Anthropological Society of Washington: 

 J. H. McCoemick. Geological Society of Wash- 

 ington : W. F. MOESELL. Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia: Edw. J. Nolan. 

 Boston Society of Natural History: Samuel 

 Henshaw. Academy of Science of St. Louis : 

 William Teelease 529 



MSS. intended for publication and books etc., intended 

 ior review should be sent to the responsible editor, Proi. J. 

 McKeen Cattell, Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. 



EXPEDITION TO SERILAND* 

 By the Spanish explorers and evangels, 

 most of the territory lying west of the Si- 

 erra Madreand south of Gila river, in what 

 is now western Sonora and southwestern 

 Arizona, was called Papagueria, or land of 

 the Papago Indians. The eastern and 

 northern boundaries of the area were fairly 

 defined, but the western boundarj^ was 

 vague. Toward the mouth of Colorado 

 river the Papago country was separated 

 irom the Gulf of California by an arid tract 

 of volcanic debris known as Malpais, a tract 

 too utterly barren for habitation, traversed 

 by the Indians only on annual pilgrimages 

 to the coast for salt. Toward the south, 

 Papagueria was separated from the Gulf, 

 midway of its length, by the land of the 

 Seri Indians, a tract peculiarly protected 

 from invasion by natural conditions and de- 

 fended against invaders by a warlike people. 

 As exploration and evangelization grew 

 into settlement, the Spaniards afiBliated 

 with the natives, and a Mexican population 

 and culture pushed into Papagueria ; and 

 to-day most of the valleys occupied of old 

 by the Papago Indians are given over to 

 Mexican villages, ranches, and stock ranges, 

 only scattered groups of the aboriginal land- 

 holders remaining in Sonora, though their 

 tenure is better maintained in Arizona. 

 With the conquest of Papagueria, explorers 



*Eead before the Philosophical Society of Washing- 

 ton, February 15, 1896. 



