522 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. III. No. 66. 



hills, but is higher than any of them. Another is 

 three miles north of the one last mentioned, between 

 the East Fork and the Imboden. It is called ' High 

 Top,' for it towers above all the hills surrounding it, 

 rising 635 feet above the valleys at its base, and com- 

 pares in this respect favorably with Shepherd Moun- 

 tain, the largest and highest porphyry peak of the 

 central area. The third principal granite hill lies to 

 the south, and its height is about the same as the two 

 mentioned ; while the fourth is about a mile east of 

 High Top. Farther west are still other crystalline 

 hills, but they are composed of porphyry. Beyond 

 the Imboden fork is another tributary known as 

 Shut-in fork. The word 'shut-in' is a name usually 

 applied throughout the region to every place in which 

 two hills are close together with a stream flowing be- 

 tween. In this case the two hills forming the ' shut- 

 in' are very high, particularly the westernmost, which 

 rises 610 feet above the stream. 



Throughout the Black river country there is un- 

 usual regularity in the courses of the streams ; from 

 which fact it may be inferred that there is a corre- 

 sponding symmetry in the arrangement of the ele- 

 vated portions of the region instead of promiscuous 

 scattered positions of the hills .so common elsewhere. 

 There is a series of long rows of elevations between 

 the streams. Generally the southernmost point o* 

 each is the highest, as in the case of Hightop and the 

 other granite hills mentioned above. From the sum" 

 mit of any prominent elevation in this region there is 

 visible every crystalline mass within a radius of 

 many miles. Here and there may be noticed a prom- 

 inence standing out more boldly than the others, and 

 they often, after closer inspection, resolve themselves 

 into rude ranges. The most prominent of these 

 groups is in the vicinity of Annapolis. The row 

 forms a broad curve extending to the southwest a dis- 

 tance of three miles. To the east and southeast 

 there are first a few small porphyry hills in the im- 

 mediate vicinity of the town, and beyond this a large 

 elevation with three prominent spurs. Tliese hills in 

 turn stretch away to the southeast, almost connecting 

 with the row of mountains on the east bank of Grain 

 Pond creek, and from thence to Gray mountain im- 

 mediately east of Brunot. 



Page 89. 



Southward from the point of view just mentioned, 

 across a stretch of six or seven miles of lowland, is a 

 second row of hills extending east and west and 

 reaching from Black river to the St. Francois. On the 

 west is Mann and on the southeast Rubel mountain. 

 Both are large porphjrry hills. Beyond the latter are 

 McFadden, Aley and Mud Lick mountains, the latter 



in the central area. A third one of the four granite 

 hills lies on the south line of the same township and 

 will perhaps equal in height either of the two above 

 mentioned, although its altitude has not been meas- 

 ured. The fourth one lies about a mile west of High 

 Top, but is much less prominent. 



(Here follows about one-half page giving geologic 

 reasons for peculiar topography. ) 



West of the Imboden Fork is another tributary 

 known as the Shut-in Fork. The two hills forming 

 the so-called ' Shut-in ' — a common term applied to 

 almost every place where two hills are close together 

 with a stream flowing between, are very high, partic- 

 ularly the west one. It rises to a height, according to 

 Mr. Kirk, of 610 feet. * * * * 



By consulting a map one will see that in the Black 

 river country the streams come from the northeast 

 and the northwest, converging to a point a little 

 south of Lesterville, in Reynolds county. There is an 

 unusually great regularity here in the direction of the 

 water courses, which means there is a corresponding 

 regularity in the topography of the country, a topog- 

 raphy which may [almost be named the Black river 

 type. Instead of the irregular, batchy arrangement 

 of the hills, so common in other places, we find here 

 at least an approach to regularity in the numerous 

 rows of hills between the streams. Generally also, 

 the southernmost point in each row is the highest, as 

 is the case with High Top and the other granite hills 

 mentioned above. 



Standing on a prominent hill almost anywhere 

 south of the north line of township 33, particularly 

 in the Black river or the Taum Sauk country, by 

 looking away to the south, one can readily distinguish 

 almost every Archtean hill, each of which is porphyry, 

 lying between the latitudes of Hogan and Piedmont. 



( ' Many miles. ' ) 



The country is broken and hilly, but here and 

 there may be noticed a much greater prominence, a 

 hill which stands out so boldly that it at once attracts 

 attention. These large hills, or mountains, as they 

 are locally called, are so independent of each other 

 in location that there seems to be little, if any, rela- 

 tion between them. But when they are platted it 

 can be seen they constitute three distinct groups of 

 hills. 



( ' Rude ranges. ' ) 



The northern group is in the vicinity of Annapolis. 

 The row of hills form a curve convex northward, with 

 Annapolis just south of the curve. To the southwest 

 the curve extends about three miles, including as 

 many hills. To the east and southeast one passes a 

 few small porphyry hills, immediately at the town, 

 then Grassy mountain, a prominent porphyry hill * 



