Apeil 17, 1896.] 



SCIENCE. 



595 



Homoeopathic Medical College 27 



College of Dental Surgery 189 



2961 

 Deduct for students enrolled in more than one 



department 44 



2917 

 Students in Summer School, 1895 97 



Total 3014 



The number of instructors is 160. The 

 average annual fees (including laboratory fees) 

 are about $50.00 per student. 



Mr. Joseph Field has given Mount Holyoke 

 College $6,000 to found a scholarship in memory 

 of his mother. The Catholic University of 

 Washington has received $5,000 by the will of 

 Mr. Bryant Lawrence. 



De. H. F. Reid, late professor in the Case 

 School of Applied Sciences, at Cleveland, O. , 

 has been made associate professor of geological 

 physics in Johns Hopkins University. 



The accounts of the Cambridge University 

 chest, as distinguished from the general Uni- 

 versity fund for the year 1895, shows that the 

 total receipts were £39,681, 18s. lid., and the 

 total expenditures, £40,067, 6s. 8d. This sum 

 includes £670 for the Observatory, £1,024, 7s. 

 7d. for the Botanic Garden, £4,550 for museums 

 and lecture-room maintenance and £4,000 for 

 the library. 



The French Chamber of Deputies has passed 

 unanimously a bill giving the various French 

 faculties the titles and privileges of universities. 

 This would establish universities at the follow- 

 ing places : Paris, Dijon, Lyons, Bordeaux, 

 Montpellier, Lille, Toulouse, Nancy, Rennes, 

 Aix, Poitiers, Caen and Grenoble. It is stated 

 that there are now 24,000 students attending 

 these faculties and that they receive annual 

 subsidies from the government amounting to 

 about $2,800,000. 



The Electro-technical Institute of Darmstadt 

 has received about $100,000 from the govern- 

 ment for the purchase of new ground and for 

 the enlargement of the buildings. 



We learn from the NaturwissenschaftlicJie 

 Rundschau that Dr. Julius Bauschinger, of the 

 observatory at Munich, has been appointed as 

 full professor of astronomy in the University 



of Berlin. Dr. H. W. Bakhuis Rosebom has 

 been made professor of chemistry at the Univer- 

 sity of Amsterdam, and Dr. A. Bistrzycki has 

 been called to the professorship of analytical 

 and technical chemistry in the Universitj' of 

 Freiburg, in Switzerland. 



DISCUSSION AND COBBESPONDENCE. 

 certitudes and illusions. 



Editor of Science: Your correspondent in 

 the last number of Science (pages 513-514), in 

 making comments about my last article on 

 ' Certitudes and Illusions ' (pages 426-433), asks 

 four pertinent questions, all of which were 

 definitely answered in the article, but which 

 are worthy of restatement in other terms. 

 These questions are as follows: 



First. — What is motion? 



Motion is change of position. In the change 

 of position two elements are involved, the 

 speed of the change of position and the path of 

 the change of position. We may reason about 

 the speed or we may reason about the path, but 

 these two elements must not be confounded, 

 lest they lead to illusion. This is a concrete 

 woi'ld, and there is no speed without path and 

 no path without speed ; we may reason ab- 

 stractly, but the abstraction must be complete. 



Second. — What is rest ? 



Rest is a mode of motion. I have defined 

 the use of the terms particle and body, and the 

 definitions need not here be repeated. In 

 nature the ultiniate particle is combined in a 

 hierarchy of bodies, the atom is probablj' com- 

 bined of particles, the molecule is known to be 

 combined of particles, the molecules are com- 

 bined into molar bodies, the molar bodies are 

 combined in the earth, the earth is combined 

 in the solar system. The particle has the mo- 

 tion of all of these bodies. If any body has a 

 motion differentiated from the motion of any 

 other body in the same rank of the hierarchy 

 in such manner that the body as a unit has a 

 motion distinct from the bodily motion of the 

 next higher unit, that motion may be accelera- 

 ted positively or negatively, but this can be 

 done only by deflecting its motions in all other 

 bodies of the hierarchy. Let us take the case 

 of molar motion. The molar body partakes of 

 the motion of the earth and the solar system, 



