June 26, 1896.] 



SCIENCE. 



917 



and some others cultivated of using classical 

 names for forms entirely unlike those for 

 which the names were originally used. 



Fierasfer, according to Cuvier, was the name 

 current at Mai'seOles of the type species; 

 therefore the 'derivation of Cuvier [was not] 

 uncertain, perhaps, from proper name. ' 



Gadiis is not ' the classic name of the 

 cod,' which was practically unknown to 

 the Greeks and Romans. The name does 

 not occur in Aristotle, but in AtheniBus 

 (VII., 99), the words ' the oi-oy, which some 

 call ydSo?,' are quoted from Dorion. The 

 name Onos seems to have been used in an- 

 cient Greece for the 3Iicromesistius poutassou 

 {Gadus poutagsoii of Eisso), which now is 

 called, in Greece, Gaidouropsaron (donkey- 

 fish), or Tsiplaki. Gadus was first used as 

 a generic name for the Gadids by Ai'tedi, 

 and subsequently limited, by exclusion of 

 others and by definition, to the common 

 cod and its congeners. 



Ganoid is from yrho?, brightness, lustre, 

 and £7()h9, appearance; not ' •/'dvo?, enamelled.' 



Hyperotreta (not Hyperotretia) is the bet- 

 ter name of the order in question. 



Ichthyotomi refers not ' to the distinctness 

 of this group, ' but to the alleged segmenta- 

 tion of the skull. 



Lcemargus was not the ''classic name of a 

 shark,' but derived from laiimpyoi;^ glutton- 

 ous. The name was applied by Miiller and 

 Henle to the genus previously called Som- 

 niosus on account of the character given by 

 Scorseby to the type species. 



Lepidosh-en is from /j-iV, scale, and Siren, 

 the name given by Linnseus to an eel-shaped 

 amphibian, not a ' salamander.' 



Ophidium is the Linnsean improvement of 

 Ophidion of Pliny (XXXII., 35, 53) ; not 

 d<pirUnyj a suake. 



Ostracoderm is simply the English form 

 of darpaxjoSsp/jMiij hard skinned, from oarpaxjuv 

 (not (^arpdxjcov) , shell, and dipp-a, skin. 



Protopterus is from TipwTo?, first or primi- 

 tive (not ' ancient '), and Trrepdy, fin. 



Scomberomorus is from a-^opppo^^ mackerel, 

 and opopaq, neighbor, and not '/i'>|Oi«i', part.' 



Selaehii is a new Latin equivalent of 

 azldyji (plural of (jilayot;'), cartilaginous 

 fishes generally,* and not ' asXdy-q, shark.' 



Teleocepludi is from rlAeoi, complete, and 

 ■/^zfalri^ head ; not ' riXtwi, entirely, oariov, 

 bone, x,e(fal-ijj head.' The cephalic bones are 

 not reduced in number or proportions as in 

 the N"ematognaths and Apodals. 



Teleostomi from t^/£o?, complete, and a-opa^ 

 mouth ; not ' riXeo?, entirely, Sfiziovj bone, 

 cFTupa, mouth.' Intermaxillaries and supra- 

 maxillaries are normally developed. 



Other names whose etymologies require 

 more or less emendation or explanation are 

 Ammocostes, Anacanthini, Anguilla, Callichthys, 

 Callorhynchiis, Chimcera, Climatius, Crossop- 

 terygii, Dipterus, JElonichthys, Gyroptychius, 

 Harriotta, Semitripteriis, Heptanehus, Hippo- 

 campus, HoloptycMus, Ischyodus, Lamna, Mor- 

 mynis, Myliobatis, Mylodoma, Myriacantlius, 

 Myxine, Palceoniscus, Parexus, Perca, Petro- 

 inyzon, Phaneropleuron, Pleetognathi, Pleura- 

 canth'us, Pogonias, Pristiophorus, Pristis, Pro- 

 topterus, Pseudopleuronectes, Pterichthys, Raja, 

 Rhabdolepis, RMna, Rlnnohatus, Scaphirhyn- 

 chus, ScylUum, Silurus, Sirenoidei, Squalus, 

 Squatina, Torpedo, TracJiosteus and Trygon. 

 Interesting questions are involved in some 

 of these names, but our already over- 

 crowded space forbids lingering over any 

 one of them. 



The length to which this review has ex- 

 tended must be evidence of the importance 

 of Dr. Dean's work. The suggestions here 

 offered may be of use for another edition. 

 That another may be called for,we may hope. 

 For the work as it is and for the care and 

 thought bestowed on it our thanks are due. 

 Theo. Gill. 



*The 'ZeAcixv are those which have been mentioned 

 [/Sdrof, -pvyiiv, pivr/j ; and the jSoii^, Idpia, aieroQ^ vdpKJr/, 

 Parpaxo^, and all the /a^-fuiS'/ ' (Aristotle, V., iv, 2.) 

 In other -rrords, the Selache inclnde all the Sharks, all 

 the Eays, and the acanthopterygian Lophius. 



