128 DH. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



and breadth vary, and the papillae on it are conical alone, or both 

 conical and fungiform ; but it never bears fungiform papillae 

 alone. The various arrangements and degrees of aggregation 

 have already been described, and attention has been paid to the 

 ridges and furrows. 



Wharton's Ducts open at the root of the frenum. In Man and 

 some of the Anthropoids, they open on the sublingual pajnllce, or 

 carunculce suhlinguales, which are overlapped by folds of mucosa 

 or sublingual pUcce. 



In many monkeys, the ducts open on the apex of a triangular 

 bod}'^ (text-fig. 17) which has plain or serrated sides and a bifid 

 or entire apex. Also, the inferior surface may have small pointed 

 processes, as in Preuss's Cercopitheque. In the Saki the apex 

 is rounded and entire, and the body bears lateral lobes ; in the 

 Squirrel Monkey there is a round entire apex, but the body is 

 not lobulated ; in the Moloch Teetee the whole body is lobulated ; 

 and in the Black Howler Monkey the apex is bifid and the 

 halves are rounded. The sublingual-duct body is set astride the 

 frenum. 



Text-figure 17. 



c=x>lx^ 



MOLOCH 

 TEETEE 



The different fonns exhibited by tbe openings for Wharton's Ducts. 

 Details in text. 



The above body is not to be confounded with the sublingua 

 which is characteristic of the Lemuroidea, and represented by 

 the plicse fimbriatse of the Anthropoidea. These folds extend 

 backwards for a variable distance along the lateral aspect of the 

 inferior surface from the apex. The sublingua has already been 

 fully described by Pocock *. 



The frenum extends from the posterior end of the free part of 

 the infei-ior surface to the floor of the mouth. It originates from 

 the plane surface of the tongue, or from the bottom of a 

 triangular depression. It varies greatly in length. 



Structu7'es for cleaning the Teeth. 



Some animals have structures for cleaning the teeth, and 

 these may be apical, as in Galeoj^hithecus, or lateral as in the 



* Pocock, R. I.J Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1918, p. 19. 



