THE NEMATODE FAMILY GXATHOSTOMID.^. 299 



the wild pig of Turkestan and tlie domestic pig of Hungaiy, and 

 partly on descriptions of material from Hnngarian pigs by 

 Csokor (1882), v. lUtz (1900), and v. Linstow (1893), and from 

 Roumanian pigs by Ciurea (1911). A paper by Strose (1892), 

 and one by Collin (1893) in which he claimed to have found this 

 species in the ox in Berlin, we have been unable to consult. The 

 la.st is of minor importa,nce in that Collin later authorised 

 Wolfi'hiigel (1912) to withdraw this statement, since, in the cir- 

 cumstances under which the mateiial was received, he could not 

 exclude the pig as the possible host. In these descriptions 

 variations from the subfamily and generic characters detailed 

 above {vide pp. 254, 291) have, as we believe incorrectly, been 

 described by v. Linstow and Ciiu-ea,. 



The anterior body-spines (viVZe Table VII., p. 302) have sub- 

 equal points, which accordingly, as in Gnathostoma spinigeru7n, 

 terminate at about the same level. More posteriorly the median 

 point tends to become the longest (Fedchenko), the others 

 gradually disappearing, so that at about the posterior end of the 

 cesophagus the spines are simple but long. They extend as such 

 over the rest of the body except, judging by v. Linstow's figurfs, 

 the large caudal papillae of the male. Of these there ai'e four pairs,. 

 No. 1 being the smallest and separated by an interval from the 

 other three, which lie close together and are of about the same 

 size (Ciurea). Of sessile papilhe Fedchenko figures a pair between 

 the bases of ISTos. 1 and 2 of the larger ones ; v. Linstow omi*^* 

 these but describes a similar pair close to one another and anterior 

 to the cloacal opening, while Ciurea., in addition to the two pairs 

 which we have described as generic characters, finds three more 

 pairs, two in front of and one behind the cloacal opening. By all 

 these authors the termination of the tail is coinited and described 

 as an unpaired median papilla. 



The vulva lies in the middle of the body (Fedchenko) or some- 

 what behind (v. Linstow) or in front of (Csokor, Ciurea) this- 

 point. Csokor 's description of the oesophagus suggests that the 

 anterior part of his specimens was much contracted, which may 

 explain the anterior position of the vulva in them. We have 

 disregarded these statements in the liescription of the family. 

 Ciurea and v. Linstow agree in describing the egg as having a 

 hyaline appendage or wart- shaped structure at one pole; the 

 former describes the outer surface of the shell as showing small 

 dimples, the latter finds it smooth. It is stat,ed by v. Linstow 

 that in his specimens embryonic development had begun, and 

 that at the vulva there were a number of many-nucleated cells, 

 which have, however, in his figure an appearance very suggestive 

 of ova. 



Except for Collin's statement, later withdrawn, the described 

 habitat (Table YIIL, p. 304) has always been the stomach-wall 

 of the pig, penetration i]ito which may be partial or complete, 

 the worms in the latter case (Fedchenko) lying between the 

 gastric tunics. 



