510 DR. W. A. CUNNINGTON ON THE 



once more a theory of the former connection of Lake Tanganyika 

 with the sea, asserting that this connection existed in Jurassic 

 times (131). 



The discoveries of the First Tanganyika Expedition, while 

 stimulating interest in the faunas of the African lakes, only 

 empliasised the need for further information. It was still to 

 be determined whether any of the other big lakes contained 

 organisms with a marine appearance, and it was very desirable 

 that more should be learned of the geology of the Tanganyika 

 basin, as having a direct bearing on the question of a former con- 

 nection with the sea. Eay Lankester, therefore, took the initiative 

 once more, formed a committee of scientific men interested in the 

 subject, aiid organised a second expedition. In view of the 

 geological and geographical work to be undertaken, a libei'al 

 grant was made by the Royal Geographical Society, and Moore 

 was accompanied by Malcolm Fergussou as surveyor and geologist. 

 The Second Tanganyika Expedition (136) left England in 1899, 

 and after proceeding up lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika, visited 

 Kivu, Edward Nyanza*, and Albert Nyanza befoi-e returning to 

 the coast by way of the Victoria Nyanza. 



An examination of the collections obtained in the latter lakes 

 only laid additional stress on the unique nature of Tanganyika, 

 for in none were found animals suggestive of the sea. Indeed, 

 the already long list of forms found only in Tanganyika was aug- 

 mented by the expedition, more particularly as regards the fish. 

 Certain of the little-known regions between Tanganyika and the 

 Albert Nyanza were mapped, and considerable attention was paid 

 to the study of the geology of this district as well as that of the 

 Tanganyika basin. Not long after the return of the expedition, 

 Moore published a volume entitled "The Tanganyika Problem" 

 (137), in which he dealt at some length with the question which 

 had so occupied his attention. A large amount of new infoima- 

 tion was given in this work. It treated in a comprehensive 

 manner the physiography and geology of the part of Africa con- 

 cerned, and besides giving a complete review of the fauna of 

 Tanganyika as then known, discussed the origin of fi'esh-water 

 faunas in relation to the uaatter. 



While a great deal of information bearing on the geology and 

 geograph}^ of the lake regions had been obtained, and extensive 

 collections had afforded a knowledge of the fauna of Tanganyika, 

 the flora of the lake had not been dealt with as it deserved. To 

 those who had been impressed with the marine characteristics of 

 certain animals living in the lake, it appeared quite conceivable 

 that Mdaen the llora came to be investigated, plants ecjually 

 remarkable and equally suggestive of marine affinities would be 

 discovered. If, for example, specimens of the red Algse so charac- 



* The lake, formerly known as tlie Albert Edward Nyanza, is always referred to in 

 this paper as Edward Nyanza or Lake Edward. The change of name was approved 

 by the late King Edward, and should be universally adopted in order to avoid 

 confusion with the Albert Nyanza or Lake Albert {cf. 55, p. 129). 



