August 3, 1906 ] 



SCIENCE. 



133 



or set fortli in terms of hours or percent- 

 ages. But as teaching is itself dear to most 

 true investigators, there are other lines of 

 freedom still more important than relief 

 from class work. The work that kills is 

 not teaching, but the routine which goes 

 with teaching. When I accepted my pres- 

 ent position, Governor Stanford told me 

 that he thought the president of the uni- 

 versity should do nothing he could hire 

 some one else to do just as well. The uni- 

 versity professor should be placed in just 

 this position. Everything that can be just 

 as well done by some one else should be 

 taken from his shoulders. He should have 

 a stenographer, a reader, an artist, an 

 artisan, a ' Diener, ' all the helpers who can 

 save his time and add to the dignity and 

 strength of his work. A certain amount 

 of executive work, even of committee work, 

 he should be glad to retain — for the Amer- 

 ican university is a corporation whose af- 

 fairs need constant vigilance on the part of 

 somebody. In the long run, its greatest 

 scholars are its wisest men, and in their 

 hands its control should finally lie. The 

 highest type of investigation demands 

 many of the qualities which make a man 

 successful as an administrator. Moreover, 

 it would be a pity and a misfortune to have 

 academic management fall into the hands 

 of those not in sympathy with the highest 

 functions of the university itself. It is not 

 the business man, but the man of science, 

 the man of learning, who should direct 

 the internal management of the university. 

 Those who do not understand the scholar's 

 business can not properly direct the schol- 

 ar's activities. It may be a matter of re- 

 gret to use our scholars for executive pur- 

 poses, but it will go hard with scholarship 

 if the scholar loses control. It is surely a 

 mistake to suppose that any scholarly 

 gentleman who becomes a professor can 

 train investigators. It is the master's 



touch which awakens the latent instincts 

 of the student. Only the university man 

 can create the university atmosphere. 



It is not well that even the best of uni- 

 versity men should be freed from respon- 

 sibility for the welfare of the university 

 in all its interests. Leisure without respon- 

 sibility is dangerous to all save the greatest. 

 This the English universities have demon- 

 strated, though they have not acted on 

 their knowledge. The fellows of Oxford 

 and Cambridge are provided with life- 

 stipends that they may devote themselves 

 freely to teaching or to research. Half of 

 these men are doing nothing even remotely 

 connected with scholarship. With many of 

 them, fox-hunting occupies a higher place 

 than philosophy, and the drink from the 

 Pierian spring is replaced by simpler and 

 more familiar beverages. 



Among endowed investigators in Europe, 

 it is no uncommon thing for a man to say, 

 'It is time for me to produce another 

 paper; research is due this year again.' 

 Then the investigator hunts through the 

 museum or the library for some topic which 

 will yield the maximum of pages with the 

 minimum of labor, 



I do not think that men have often suc- 

 ceeded in research unless they have rejoiced 

 in such work, unless it is the spontaneous 

 expression of their natural activities. Such 

 joy in production gives no guarantee that 

 the work shall be good, but it gives the basis 

 on which training can be made effective. 



I can not agree with those who regard 

 university professorships for research alone 

 as one of the primary essentials of the 

 American university. We should not divide 

 our men into research professors and teach- 

 ing professors. It is not good for the uni- 

 versities that among its varied helpers we 

 should recognize distinctions of caste, nor 

 should we try to develop one group of pro- 

 fessors as higher than another or apart 



