August 17, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



207 



commissioner of education, states that in 

 1903 there were 20,887 professors and 

 teachers in the colleges and universities of 

 the United States, not counting professional 

 schools; there were further in the second- 

 ary schools 33,795 teachers; or in all con- 

 siderably more than 50,000 positions. At 

 least one twentieth of these become vacant 

 each year, and the number of new positions 

 is increasing at the rate of more than 2,000 

 a year. There are probably more than 

 5,000 academic positions a year which 

 should be filled by the type of men of which 

 the siipply appears to be only about 250. 

 Further, these men must fill the large and 

 increasing number of positions in the gov- 

 ernment service and elsewhere. 



There has naturally been no considerable 

 change in the productivity of the different 

 institutions. Chicago and Ycle conferred 

 fewer degrees this year than usual. Har- 

 vard and Columbia more, and the Johns 

 Hopkins about its average number. These 

 five universities stand very close in their 

 total influence. Harvard is now at the 

 head of the list, surpassing Chicago by one 

 degree, Yale by 8 degrees, Columbia by 23 

 degrees and the Johns Hopkins by 32 de- 

 grees. Several of the state universities 

 have made considerable gains, which are 

 especially noticeable when compared with 

 the earlier years covered by the statistics. 

 Thus this year California conferred 9 de- 

 grees; "Nebraska, 7; Iowa, 5, and Illinois, 3, ■ 

 or 24 in all, whereas in 1898 these four 

 universities conferred but 3 degrees. 



Table II. shows the number of degrees 

 conferred in the sciences enumerated in 

 Table III. From this table it appears that 

 somewhat less than half of all the degrees 

 conferred are in these sciences. The last 

 column of the table gives the percentage 

 of degrees that are conferred in the natural 

 and exact sciences. It thus appears that 

 relatively more graduate work in science 



is done at Cornell and the Johns Hopkins 

 than at Harvard and Yale. 



TABLE II, 

 DOCTOEATES CONFERBED IN THE SCIENCES. 



Johns Hopkins 



Chicago 



Columbia ..;.. 



Harvard 



Yale 



Cornell 



Pennsylvania. 



Clark 



Michigan 



Wisconsin 



California 



George AVash... 



Brown 



Nebraska ... 

 Bryn Mawr 

 Stanford .... 

 Princeton .. 

 Virginia .... 

 Minnesota .. 

 Washington ... 



Iowa 



New York.. 

 Catholic .... 

 Colorado .... 



Kansas 



North Carolina 

 Vanderbilt.. 

 Wash, and Lee 



Hlinois 



Lehigh 



Missouri 



Northwestern 

 Cincinnati .... 

 Georgetown ., 



Lafayette 



Syracuse .... 



75 

 60 



lOO 

 50 



100 



67 

 33 

 17 

 33 



_50 



105 116 113!l32ll08 138 130 150 139ill31 47 



147 

 145 

 137 

 129 

 120 



94 



85 



75 



24 



23 



19 



16 69 



54 



10; 77 



7100 

 6| 67 

 61 10 

 4! 40 

 3! 60 

 3 '100 



The third table gives the degrees con- 

 ferred in each of the sciences, whence it 

 appears that last year 38 degrees were given 

 in chemistry, 21 in zoology, 19 in physics, 

 16 in botany, 12 in psychology, 11 in geol- 

 ogy and 9 in mathematics. All the other 

 sciences are responsible for only 13 degrees. 



The institutions that conferred three de- 

 grees or more in special subjects are as 

 follows : Johns Hopkins, chemistry 9, phys- 

 ics 4; Chicago, chemistry 4; Columbia, 

 botany 4, chemistry 3 ; Harvard, zoology 7, 

 chemistry 3 ; Yale, chemistry 7 ; Cornell, 

 zoology 3 ; Pennsylvania, chemistry 4 ; 

 Clark, psychology 6. 



