September 7, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



291 



economic problems of commerce and to 

 problems of diet. 



In Section C (Geology) the president, Mr. 

 G. W. Lamplugh, gave an address dealing 

 with glacial problems of England and with 

 special attention to local Yorkshire drifts. 

 In the sectional meetings there was a pre- 

 ponderance of papers dealing with local 

 geological problems; one of more general 

 interest by Professor J. Milne on Certain 

 Earthquake Eelationships attracted wide 

 attention, while a general discussion on the 

 origin of the Trias was opened by Pro- 

 fessor T. G. Bonney and Dr. J. Lomas. 



In Section D (Zoology) Mr. J. Lister 

 took as his subject for the presidential ad- 

 dress the Life History of the Foraminifera, 

 in which the old question of the signifi- 

 cance of dimorphism of the foraminifera 

 was clearly and conclusively answered. 

 There were two discussions before this sec- 

 tion and one before a joint session of Sec- 

 tions D and K (Botany). The first, on 

 the Protozoan Life Cycle, was opened by 

 G. N. Calkins and discussed by Mr. Lister, 

 Professor Marcus Hartog and Professor 

 Hickson. The second was opened by J. E. 

 S. Moore on the Tanganyika problem and 

 was discussed by Professor Lankester, Dr. 

 Coningham, Professor Pelseneer, Mr. Boul- 

 enger, Mr. Stanley Gardiner, Professor J. 

 W. Gregory and Mr. F. S. Harmer, the 

 general sentiment being against Dr. 

 Moore's theory that the characteristic 

 fauna of this African lake indicates the 

 early connection of this lake with the sea. 

 The third discussion, held in joint session 

 with K, was largely attended; the subject, 

 The Nature of Fertilization, was opened 

 by Mr. Vernon H. Blackman with a gen- 

 eral historical treatment of the origin and 

 significance of maturation chromosomes, 

 and by G. N. Calkins and Mr. L. Doncas- 

 ter, the former on the Life Cycle, with 

 special reference to Maturation, Fertiliza- 

 tion and Parthenogenesis in Protozoa, the 



latter on the Maturation of Partheno- 

 genetic Eggs. The interesting discussion 

 following these papers was by Professor 

 Havet, Dr. Rosenberg and Professors 

 Johannsen, Hickson, Poulton, Hartog and 

 Wager. 



In Section E (Geography) the presi- 

 dential address, by Sir George Goldie, dealt 

 with the history of geography during the 

 last twenty-five years and clearly showed 

 that from pioneer work the subject of 

 geography has developed into a science 

 recognized in all grades of education, thus 

 taking a larger place in the life of the 

 nation than ever before. Interesting 

 papers were read by Major John M. Bea- 

 com of the American Embassy, London, on 

 Irrigation and National Prosperity in the 

 United States, and by Mr. Clement Reid 

 on Coast Erosion, which was followed by 

 an animated discussion by Mr. Stanley 

 Gardiner and Mr. John Spiller. 



In Section F (Economic Science and 

 Statistics) Professor A. L, Bowley dealt 

 with the inadequacy of present methods in 

 collecting statistics, with the need of better 

 training for statisticians, with mathemat- 

 ical statistics, and with the problem of the 

 unemployed. In the program four gen- 

 eral divisions of the subject were made, 

 viz.. Transportation, Industries, Labor 

 Questions and Miscellanies. British and 

 American methods of transportation were 

 compared by R. L, Wedgewood and P. 

 Burtt, of the Northeastern Railroad, and 

 by Professor E. R. Johnson, with partic- 

 ular reference to special problems of traffic- 

 handling, gauge limits and the like. The 

 woolen industries were considered by Pro- 

 fessor Clapham, Local Yorkshire Indus- 

 tries by Mr. J. Backhouse and Mr. Turn- 

 bull, while a discussion on the question of 

 the Unemployed was well attended. The 

 most generally interesting of the miscel- 

 laneous subjects were those of Mr, Lees 



