658 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XXIV. No. 621. 



wall of prejudice which surrounds the office 

 of the geologist in charge of geology and 

 makes of it a sort of national quarantine sta- 

 tion for new ideas, is a direct and natural 

 result of the overgrown kindergarten estab- 

 lishment of the survey — the department of 

 geologic folios. The great extravagance of 

 this enterprise almost precludes changes in 

 the completed folios, and a ready-made pat- 

 tern of geological work seems absolutely essen- 

 tial to its successful completion. The letters 

 of the geologist in charge of geology in refer- 

 ence to new views upon areas for which folios 

 have been published, contain expressions like, 

 ' This folio is put forward as the final and 

 most satisfactory results to be reached in this 

 region,' and ' The Geological Survey can not 

 afford to entirely reverse itself.' Should it 

 develop that fundamental geological problems 

 have not all been solved, it is conceivable 

 that when the numerous map areas of the 

 geologic atlas are tied together a century or 

 more hence, serious difficulties will be en- 

 countered in matching borders prepared at 

 widely different dates. 



Reverting now to the conclusions which I 

 have reached regarding the structure of south- 

 western New England, I may add that during 

 the past year I have found some opportunity 

 to note while in Europe the conclusions which 

 are now being reached by geologists respecting 

 other regions of crystalline rocks. In Cala- 

 bria, the Vogesen, in southern Norway and 

 especially in Scotland, essentially the same 

 conclusions have been reached by the official 

 geologists of those countries respecting the 

 relative importance of fold and fault struc- 

 tures, I am informed by the director of the 

 Geological Survey of Great Britain that a 

 report will soon appear treating of the crystal- 

 line area of Scotland, within which area a 

 definite system of faults has been found to be 

 superimposed upon the flexures everywhere 

 present in the district. These faults are 

 nearly vertical, are comprised in several 

 parallel series, and are so numerous that 

 though the map is covered with them, a small 

 proportion only can be represented. 



I trust I have made the reasons for tender- 

 ing my resignation sufficiently clear. The 



proper function of a great national geological 

 survey I conceive to be something more than 

 to report upon mining regions and to bring 

 together some tons of geological card cata- 

 logues printed in diluted English, otherwise 

 designated as folios. My resignation from the 

 survey will permit me to freely express this 

 view and raise my voice against what I con- 

 sider a most pernicious influence upon Amer- 

 ican geology. 



I am, sir, very respectfully, 



Wm. H. Hobbs. 



SPECIAL ARTICLES. 



a statistical study of american men of 

 science: the selection of a group op 



one thousand scientific men. 

 The psychologist, like the student of other 

 sciences, can view his subject from different 

 standpoints and pursue it by various methods. 

 He may get what knowledge he can of mental 

 processes by introspection, or he may use ob- 

 jective methods. He may confine himself to 

 the ' inner life,' or he may study the indi- 

 vidual in all his psychophysical relations. He 

 may give verbal descriptions, or he may make 

 measurements. He may describe static men- 

 tal life, or he may study the lower animals 

 and human beings from a dynamic and genetic 

 point of view. He may attempt to determine 

 facts and laws that hold for mental life in 

 general, or he may attend to individual dif- 

 ferences. He may ignore the practical applica- 

 tions of his science, or he may investigate 

 them. Psychology has until recently concerned 

 itself chiefly with the first of these various 

 alternatives. But its recent progress and 

 future development seem to the present writer 

 to depend particularly on the second. In this 

 case, our two main methods, which can often 

 be combined, are experiment and measure- 

 ment in the laboratory, and the inductive and 

 statistical study of groups of individuals. In 

 recent years great progress has been made in 

 both directions. Experimental psychology 

 has become a science coordinate with the other 

 great sciences, and statistics have been ex- 

 tended to include sociological and moral phe- 



