we go southward. The rate is 45.1 in Wis- 

 consin, 24.5 in Illinois, 11.8 in Missouri and 

 6.9 in Kentucky. Westward the total num- 

 ber of scientific men is too small and the pop- 

 ulation has been too rapidly increasing for 

 the figures to be reliable. Each individual 

 should be considered in connection with the 

 population at the time of his birth, but even 

 in this case the validity of the results would 

 be small. 



Of the 1,000 scientific men, 126 were born 

 in foreign countries — 34 in Canada, 38 in 

 Great Britain and 19 in Germany. The 

 birthplace of seven is not known. The num- 

 ber per million is for the native population 

 13.2, and for the foreign-born population 12. 

 These figures have, however, no significance, 

 as the foreign-bom population contains a 

 much larger proportion of adult males. The 

 percentage of the white native population in 

 the United States over 40 years of age is 18.4, 

 and of white foreign-bom is 44.4. The native 

 population consequently produces more than 

 twice as many scientific men as the foreign- 

 born, even without regard to the excess of 

 males among the foreign-bom, the inclusion 

 of the colored races among the native-born 

 and the fact that many of the foreign-born 

 have been called to this country on account of 



their scientific standing. The different na- 

 tions contribute scientific men in very unequal 

 measure, the numbers per million foreign- 

 born being as follows: Switzerland, 68.9; 

 Scotland, 37.9; England, 29.6; Canada, 28.7; 

 Austria-Hungary, 10.4; Eussia, 7.4; Germany, 

 7.1; Sweden, 5.2; Italy, 2.1; Ireland, 1.8; 

 France, 0, These differences can not be at- 

 tributed to race, as they do not represent the 

 scientific productivity of these nations, but 

 only of the classes that have emigrated to this 

 country. While it is not possible to deny 

 that the variations are dependent on the kinds 

 of family stocks, it is probable that they are 

 due in much larger measure to social and 

 economic conditions. The native-born sons of 

 Irish-born parents may not be inferior in 

 scientific productivity to other classes of the 

 community. 



The inequality in the production of scien- 

 tific men in different parts of the country 

 seems to be a forcible argument against the 

 view of Dr. Galton and Professor Pearson 

 that scientific performance is almost exclu- 

 sively due to heredity. It is unlikely that 

 there are such differences in family stocks as 

 would lead one part of the country to produce 

 a hundred times as many scientific men as 

 other parts. The negroes may have a racial 



