December 7, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



741 



however, there is no significant diSerence in 

 rank between the 515 men who attended the 

 larger institutions and those who attended 

 smaller colleges or none. It might be sup- 

 posed that abler students would be attracted 

 to a university such as Harvard, and that 

 they would have greater opportunities there, 

 but this appears not to be the case. So far 

 as it goes, this favors the theory that men of 

 science are born such and are not dependent 

 on the environment for the quality of their 

 performance. It may, however, be that rela- 

 tively more men of mediocre ability are led to 

 take up scientific work at an institution such 

 as Harvard, whereas only those of genius are 

 likely to break through the barrier of an un- 

 favorable environment. 



The conditions are similar in the case of 

 the doctor's degree. Of the 487 men who 

 have received it from the larger institutions. 



244 are of the first rank and 243 of the second ; 

 nor do any institutions excel, unless it be 

 Leipzig and Gottingen, Those who pursue 

 graduate studies at institutions from which 

 they do not take the degree are of distinctly 

 higher standing than the average A.B. or 

 Ph.D. This is probably because the abler and 

 more energetic men have attended several in- 

 stitutions, more especially abroad, many of 

 them having worked in foreign imiversities 

 even after having obtained scientific distinc- 

 tion. 



The thousand men of science under consid- 

 eration pursued their graduate studies on the 

 average from fifteen to twenty years ago. 

 Since that time a considerable change has oc- 

 curred in the relative numbers of students 

 attracted to different institutions. Owing to 

 the improvement of our universities relatively 

 fewer students now frequent foreign institu- 



Table V. Subjects of the Thousand Men op Science who have pursued Graduate Studies or 



TAKEN THE DoCTOR'S DeGREE AT DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS. 



Johns Hopkins 



Harvard 



Columbia 



Cornell 



Yale 



Chicago 



Clark 



Princeton..., 



Michigan 



Pennsylvania... 

 California.. . 

 Indiana 



Berlin 



Leipzig 



Gottingen... 

 Heidelberg., 



Munich 



Strasburg.... 



Freiburg 



Bonn 



Zurich 



Vienna 



Wiirzburg .. 

 Paris 



Graduate Study. 



Total 113 83 U 43 38 53 4^ 59 12 24!l3 4 563 



74 



12 



17 



13 



U 



16 



12 



8 



4 



6 



6 



95 



45 

 36 

 41 

 18 

 17 

 15 

 14 

 11 

 12 

 7 

 28 



Ph.D. 



98 78 I 90 36 41 149 5 35110 18 2 4 466 1029 



102 

 57 

 38 

 26 

 28 

 23 

 12 



8 

 10 



9 



144 

 181 

 50 

 43 

 41 

 37 

 28 

 20 

 18 

 13 

 10 

 10 



117 

 84 

 69 

 56 

 31 

 23 

 19 

 18 

 14 

 12 

 12 

 29 



