December 14, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



765 



When all the extrinsic nerves were cut the 

 gastric waves passed at the usual rhythm, but 

 were unlike those seen when the vagi alone 

 were cut in being, from the first, deep and 

 powerful contractions. After death in these 

 cases the stomach was usually found to be 

 strongly contracted. 



Passage of Carbohydrate and Protein Food- 

 from the Stomach. — After total suppression 

 of impulses through the splanchnics both car- 

 bohydrate and protein foods are discharged 

 through the pylorus at practically the normal 

 rate. In the absence of impulses through the 

 vagi and in the presence of impulses through 

 the splanchnics the discharge of both carbo- 

 hydrate and protein is notably retarded. But 

 this retardation, especially when protein is 

 fed, is much more marked soon after the 

 operation than it is later. Again a distinc- 

 tion must be drawn between the immediate 

 depressing effect of vagus section and the 

 later considerable recovery of normal func- 

 tioning. 



When all extrinsic nerves have been cut, 

 there is, as in the cases of vagus section alone, 

 a difference between the immediate defect and 

 the later partial recovery of normal function. 



Passage of Food through the Small In- 

 testine. — After splanchnic section the rate of 

 transit from pylorus to ileocolic sphincter, 

 when protein was fed, was much accelerated, 

 and after vagus section it was much slower 

 than normal. The rate was slower also when 

 all nerves were cut. The variation from the 

 normal was in all cases less with carbohydrate 

 food than with protein. 



Rhythmic segmentation of the food in the 

 small intestine was observed in every condition 

 of nerve section. 



The persistence of characteristically dif- 

 ferent rates of discharge of protein and of 

 carbohydrate food through the pylorus, after 

 splanchnic section, after vagus section, and 

 after severing both sets of nerves in the same 

 animal, definitely proves that the control of 

 this differential discharge is local and not 

 mediated through the central nervous system. 



Experimental and Clinical Oiservations upon 

 Direct Transfusion of Blood: G. W. Crile. 



By means of end to end anastomosis by 

 suture, blood was transfused in Y4 dogs. 

 Blood was transfused, retransfused and re- 

 versely transfused over a period of a month 

 in the same dogs. There were no agglutins 

 or hemolysins produced, no hemoglobinuria 

 and no nephritis. Blood was found physi- 

 ologically interchangeable. Every degree of 

 hemorrhage, even to cessation of the arterial 

 stream, was successfully treated. 



In six clinical cases of hemorrhage treated 

 by transfusion of blood the results were the 

 same as in the laboratory. The hemorrhage 

 factor was eliminated. 



On the Normal Peristaltic Movements of the 



Ureter: D. R. Lucas (by invitation). 



In dogs narcotized with morphin the peri- 

 staltic contractions of the middle part of the 

 ureter occur at intervals varying between 6 

 and 15 seconds. The curves representing 

 these contractions were of variable but gener- 

 ally of fairly good size. These peristaltic con- 

 tractions are apparently the same as those 

 which Engelmann and other writers observed. 

 The author found, however, that the renal 

 pelvis as well as the uppermost part of the 

 ureter exhibits peristaltic contractions of an- 

 other hind; they are small, of short duration 

 and occur every three or two seconds. 



In some animals, in which the contractions 

 from the middle part of the ureter presented 

 fairly large curves, it frequently happened 

 that these curves were superimposed by finer 

 undulations. From the lower end of the 

 ureter only a few tracings were obtained. It 

 seems that in the lower end, also, the small 

 and more frequent contractions predominate. 



Anesthetics, e. g., chloroform or ether, exer- 

 cise pronounced inhibitory effects on ureteral 

 peristalsis. The relatively slight and more 

 frequent contractions appear to be less affected 

 than the others by anesthetics. 



Gastric Peristalsis under Normal and Certain 

 Experimental Conditions: John Aueb. 

 The author has devised a very simple and 

 satisfactory means of studying gastric peri- 

 stalsis. He finds that if a well-fed rabbit is 

 stretched out on its back and the hair of the 

 epigastrium clipped, any observer may see 



