Decembek 14, 1906.] 



SCIENCE. 



767 



metastases which have appeared in the in- 

 oculated rats. The rat containing the original 

 tumor did not show visible metastases. But 

 in the aniraals which have succumbed after 

 successful inoculation, the metastases have 

 been numerous and of large size. They have 

 appeared in the lungs and kidneys, and in one 

 instance, following intraperitoneal injection, 

 in the ribs and intercostal muscles. As the 

 specimens showed, the nodules in the lungs 

 and kidneys reached large dimensions, taking 

 in a segment of a kidney or an entire lobe 

 of the lung. The animal in which metas- 

 tases existed in the intercostal muscles showed 

 large nodules in the lung; in this animal a 

 growth from the lung into the pericardium, 

 and from the pericardium into the heart wall, 

 took place. The secondary tumors had the 

 same structure as the primary tumors. They 

 were made up of spindle-shaped and polygonal 

 cells; the latter were often of large size, with 

 lobed or regular nuclei. Intercellular svib- 

 stance was present, and in places was fibril- 

 lated. 



The epicardium in the rat, in which growth 

 occurred in the myocardium, showed invasion 

 of the serosa by the sarcomatous cells, having 

 spread doubtless from the nodule mentioned 

 and caused sarcomatosis of the serous mem- 

 brane. This tumor is being further trans- 

 planted and studied in its biological relation- 

 ships. 

 The Influence of Water on Gastric Secretion 



and the Gornbining Affinity of Mucus for 



EGl in the Stomach: N. B. Foster and A. 



V. S. Lambert. 



Pawlow called attention to water as a 

 stimulant of gastric secretion, but the degrees 

 and limitations of stimulation produced by 

 water in food Pawlow has not recorded. 

 Using dogs with Pawlow fistulas, it was ob- 

 served that with definite amounts of cracker 

 meal as food the amount and rate of gastric 

 secretion depend to some extent on the 

 amount of water given the dog with his meal, 

 i. e., when small amounts of water are given, 

 the secretion is slow and scanty. If larger 

 quantities of water are mixed in the food the 

 secretion is more abundant. 



The degree of acidity of gastric juice de- 



pends upon the amount of secretion. When 

 this is considerable it is much more acid than 

 when the secretion is scanty. Pawlow is of 

 the opinion that the degree of acidity of the 

 gastric juice is constant; this can hardly be 

 correct, however, for the total acidity changes 

 from hour to hour. Pawlow evidently deter- 

 mined free HCl only, but the amount of free 

 acid is dependent on the amount of mucus 

 secreted, since mucus like other protein prod- 

 ucts combines with HCl. Mucus in the pres- 

 ence of pepsin combines with HCl to a very 

 considerable extent and undergoes digestion 

 with formation of proteoses. 



The Action of the Electric Gurrent on Toxin 



and Antitoxin: Cyrus W. Field and Oscar 



Teague. 



The authors alluded to the unsuccessful at- 

 tempts of various observers to ascertain defi- 

 nitely the nature of the electric charges 

 carried by particles of toxins or antitoxins. 

 Believing that such failures were due to the 

 disturbing influences of products of elec- 

 trolysis, the authors successfully eliminated 

 the latter in their experiments. They found 

 that both toxin and antitoxin particles travel 

 toward the cathode and must therefore carry 

 positive charges. This holds true when the 

 tested fluid is made either acid or alkaline in 

 reactioru 



Since a true chemical reaction can take 

 place only between ions carrying charges of 

 opposite sign, the fact that toxin and anti- 

 toxin are both electro-positive would indicate 

 that the combination of these two substances 

 represents not a chemical union, but rather 

 the adsorption of one colloid by another. 



Nuclein Metaholisin in a Dog with an Eck 

 Fistula: J. E. Sweet and P. A. Levene. 

 A dog with an Eck fistula was maintained in 

 nitrogenous equilibrium on a diet consisting 

 of cracker meal, plasmon and lard. In this 

 dog the output of uric acid was greater than 

 from the normal animal. During fasting, 

 after administration of nuclein, nucleic acid 

 or of adenin, and during a period of feeding 

 with a diet containing a small proportion of 

 protein but of high caloric value, the excre- 

 tion of uric acid was also increased. Ingested 



