FOSSIL FAUNA. 91 



PLATE XXXVI. 



Various Fossil Corals from different Formations. 



Figs. 1, 2, 3. (^CyatJiophyllum turbinatum, of Goldfuss.) These three turbinated or top-shaped 

 corals are referable to a genus of whicli many species are exceedingly abundant in the 

 Wenlock or Dudley limestone of the Silurian System. They belong to the Anthozoa, 

 or flower-like corals. The living animal, of which the coral is but the durable earthy 

 fabric or skeleton, bore a close analogy to the sea-anemone, or animal flower {Actinia), 

 of our coasts. Each of these specimens belonged but to a single animal : the Cyatho- 

 pliylla are not, like the tublpores previously described, an aggregation of numerous 

 individual polypes.' 



Fig. 4. A small coral (Fimgia) from Dudley. 



Fig. 5. On this block of mountain limestone there are the remains of two different kinds of 

 corals. The upper cylindrical part is a fragment of Cyathophyllum, to the lower 

 part of which is attached a species of another genus {Michelinia). 



Fig. 6, is a small coral {Fungia numismalis, of Goldfuss), common in the Oolite. 



Fig. 7. A piece of encrlnital limestone, from Derbyshire, having a conical cast — that is, the stone 

 has been moulded in the interior or cavity — of a turbinated coral {Turbinolia). 



Fig. 8. A longitudinal section, showing the transverse cells and lamellte of the same kind of 

 coral [Cyathophyllum) as figs. 1, 2, 3. 



Fig. 9. A species of Turbinolia ( Turbinolia complanata, of Goldfuss). 



Fig. 10. A small turbinated coral {Turbinolia mitrata, of Hesinger), from the Silurian strata of 

 Gothland. 



Fig. 11. a Turbinolia from the Silurian deposits of Sweden. 



Fig. 12. A remarkable coral {Petraia, of Munster), from the Devonian strata. 



Figs. 13 & 14, ai-e sections of Cyathophylla, like figs. 1, 2, 3, to exhibit the internal stmcture. 



Figs. 15 & 16. Two elegant simple corals {Caryophyllia centralis, of Mantell), from the chalk of 

 Kent. The form and disposition of the lamellaj of the cavity, as seen at the upper 

 part of the specimens, are shown at a and h. 



Fig. 17. A transverse and polished section of a species of Cyathophyllum, from the Devonian 

 strata, at Blackenberg on the Rhine. 



' For a popular account of the nature of Corals and the animals which form them, see Wonders of Geolo^, vol. ii. 

 Lect. yi. p. 589. 



