1870.] '^-^'^ [P.rinlon. 



n before ch, Ih, 1, and t ; but to these rules there are exceptions ; as, imi 

 shilombish, his spirit ; i ponaklo, to inquire of laim ; nan anoli, an in- 

 former ; nan iUi, death. The position of the organs of speech preparatory 

 to the utterance of the succeeding letter causes a change in the nasal 

 sound ; as, i wak, his cow ; ini issuba, his horse ; in chnka, his house. 



9. DOUBLED CONSONANTS. 



Consonants are doubled in the intensive form of verbs and adjectives ; 

 as, 



. alota, to be full. vllota, to be quite full. 



anoa, to be reported. vnnoa, to be commonly reported. 



anumpa, to be spoken. vnnumpa, to be much spoken. 



himak, now. himniak, hereafter, after all. 



pila, thither. pilla, away there. 



kvnia, gone. kvnnia, really gone. • 



When the consonant y is d.oubled, the first one is transformed into i ; 

 as, 



hoyo, to look for. hoiya, to look for earnestly. 



ayukpa, to be glad of, aiyukpa, to be very glad of. 



ayohmi, to do so there. aiyohmi, to do so really. 



10. SYLLABIFICATION, 



Syllables usually terminate in a vowel sound, but may end with a con- 

 sonant. When two simple consonants occur in the same word, the first 

 ends one syllable and ] the second commences the succeeding one ; as, 

 bvnna, to want ; tohbi, to be white. The double consonants ch, sh, hi, 

 and Ih, are inseparable. The long vowels have their full sound in all ac- 

 cented syllables, except the vowel i, which is occasionally short, as in sipsi, 

 a poplar, ilh, to die. In words of two or more syllables the accented syl- 

 lable takes a consonant, which is heard in both syllables; as, hina, a word, 

 pronounced hinna. In some words the consonant is doubled ; as, illi, to 

 die ; putta, all. In a few instances the mark ' has been used to indicate 

 emphasis and the imperative mood; as, Luke X. 37, i nukhaklo tok a', he 

 that showed mercy on him. 



11. ACCENT. 



In words of two or more syllables the penult is accented ; as, kan'chi, 

 to sell; ano'li, to relate. In words of four or more syllables there is a 

 secondary accent on the second syllable before the penult ; as, po'hlomo'li, 

 to double them up ; anum'pohon'li, to keep talking. There is another 

 accent which falls on the final syllable of such words as in English are 

 followed by marks of punctuation, from the comma to the period. It is 

 called the pau.se accent. Consonants take the accent merely, while final 

 vowels take the rough aspirate h suf&xed, 



12. DIVISION OF WOllDS. 



All simple words are written separately. There are, however, words 

 compounded with prefixes, suffixes, and inseparable pronouns, which are 

 written as one. But to avoid confusion, whenever it is possible, the ele- 

 ments of each clause are written and printed separately. 



