1870.] ^'^^ [Brinton. 



The article-pronovins are moveable, and may be transferred from the 

 logical to the grammatical subject, in order that they may retain their 

 character as suffixes. 



In the tenses, the article-pronouns may either precede the particle by 

 which the tense is indicated, as, a tok, etok, itok, achi, or follow it, as, a- 

 tuk a, a tok ^, a chik a, a tuk o, a tok o (literally, a, he; tok, past tense 

 particle, did; o, it; he did it); anta la chi hatuk oke, Luke XIX. 5, I must 

 abide; hlvpi sabvnnah a tuk, salt I wanted it was, it was salt that I wanted, 

 h predicative, a a i-elative jironoun. 



§ 28. Change of case. A peculiarity in the use of the article-pronoun 

 with nouns is that the nominative case changes to the oblique case when 

 another subject is introduced. For example, Matthew XIII. 4, Atuk osh 

 hokchi ma na nihi kanimi kvt hina lapalika yo kaha tok; atuk o hushi 

 puta kvt ant vpvt tahli tok. Here osh, nom. he (the sower), is changed to 

 ma, oblique, before na nihi kanimi kvt, another subject (some of the seed) ; 

 and this latter nominative becomes atuk o, oblique, before the next sub- 

 ject, hushi puta kvt, (the fowls). 



§ 29. USE OF THE ABTICLE-PRONOUN WITH NOUNS. 



In connection with nouns, the article-pronouns indicate case, and may 

 thus be regarded as forming a sort of declension. For example: 

 hatak, man, men. 

 Nom. case. Oblique case, 



hatak okvt, the man, as a man. hatak amo, the said, the same man. 



hatak okvto, the man, as for the man. hatak oka, as a man, a man. 

 hatak okmvto, when the men they. hatak okvno, the men they, 

 hatak ash osh, men the said. hatak okmvno, if men then, 



peni, a boat, boats, 

 peni vt, the boat, a boat, 

 peni o, a boat, some boat, 

 peni mvt, the boat also, a boat too, or also. 

 peni vto, peni ante, as for the boat, contradistinctive. 

 peni mvto, as for the boat, also, then, 

 peni amo, the said boat. 



peni osh, a boat, one boat, the boats, some boats, 

 peni a tuk, peni ya tok, the boat which was. 

 peni a chi, the boat which will be. 

 peni a hinla,'the boat which can be. 

 Example: Luke XVII. 32, Lat tekclii a tok g. livsh ithaiyanashke, she 

 who was the wife of Lot, her remember. 



Si 30. TABULAR LIST OF ARTICLE-PRONOUNS.' 



Definite forms. 

 Subjective. Objective, 



at, vt, et, it, ish a? i 



vto, ato ano, vno 



Distinctive forms. 

 Subjective. Objective, 



osh o 



okvt oka 



1 Subjective and Objective.— These expressions are used by Mr. ByiDgton rather in their logical than 

 their grammatical sense, and must be so understood in this Table. Tlielistliere given is evidently 

 not complete, but it is accurately copied from h^g latest revision. 



A. P. S. — VOL. XI. — 14e 



