1870.] «^'J ' [Brinton. 



Affirmative form. Negative form, 



e, il, we (def). ik, he, she, it not. 



eho, iloh, we (dis). ke, kil, we not. 



hvsh, hvs, you. heloh, kiloh, we not. 



hvchik, you not. 

 ik, they not. 

 E and eho stand before consonants, il and iloh before vowels. The 

 third persons are wanting in the affimiative foi'm. Li is the only one of 

 the subjective personals that takes the article-pronouns. 



§ 11. These pronouns are used in the nominative case with transitive, 

 intransitive, neuter, and passive verbs. When used with neuter and 

 passive verbs they imply an active state, signification, being, or condition. 

 Examples: 

 Transitive verbs, tackchi, to tie. 



takchih, he ties it (h predicative). 

 takchihlh, I tie it. 

 ish takchih, thou tiest it. 

 Intransitive verbs, nowa, to walk. 



nowa lih, I walk. 

 Neuter verbs, nusi, to sleep. 



nuse lih, I sleep. 

 Passive verbs, holitopa, to be honored, 



holitopalih, I get honor. 

 When these pronouns are used with neuter and passive verbs, the sub- 

 ject of the proposition is active. 



These pronouns are rendered as possessives by changing the verbs to 

 nouns; as, apehlichi, to rule there; apelichi lih, I rule there; apelichi li, 

 my kingdom; ish apelichi, thy kingdom; it aiashvchi, our sins; itti bapishi 

 li Sal mall, my brother Saul (from itti bapishi, to suck the breast together). 



§ 12. The objective personal. 

 Affirmative form. Negative form. 



s, sa, sv, sai, si, I, me, my. iks, ik sa, ik sv, ik sai, ik so, not me. 

 chi, ch, thou, thee, thy. ik chi, ik ch, not thee. 



wanting ' ik, not him, not her. 



pi, p, we, us our (def). ik pi, ik p, not us. 



hvpi, hvp, we us our (dis). ik hvpi, ik hvp, not us. 



hvchi, hvch, you, your. ik hvchi, ik hvcli, not you. 



wanting ik, not them. 



§ 13. These forms are used where by the pronoun no action is implied. 

 They are not in the nominative case, although in common conversation 

 they are thus translated. They should be treated as in the oblique case. 

 They are used as subjective, objective, or possessive pronouns, and are pre- 

 fixed to transitive, passive, and neuter verbs, to those nouns which pertain 

 to one's person, to the various members, and to near family relatives. 

 Examples : 

 Transitive verbs: chi pesah, he sees thee. 



hvchi hakloh, he hears you. 



