1870.] "'^^ [Brinton. 



2nd person plural. 

 Nom., you, livcliia; hvchislino. 



Oblique, you, hvcli, hvchi; hvchislino. 



Possessive, your, yours, hvchi, hvchim, hvchimi, hvchin; hvchimmi. 



CHAPTER III. 



§ 1. There are six classes of verbs in Choctaw, the transitive, intransi- 

 tive, passive, possessive, attributive, and personal. 



§ 2. The passive verb is made by an internal change of the transitive; 

 but this rarely takes place except in verbs where the transitive effects a 

 visible change in the object acted on. Thus, takchi, to tie ; tvUakchi, to 

 be tied; sa tvllakchi, I am bound; but pisa, to see; sa pisa, he sees me, 

 not I am seen. The passive is formed so variously that rules are not 

 attempted. The following examples will illustrate this: hofahli, to abash, 

 passive, hofahya; okpvni, to abuse, pas. okpvlo; atokoli, to aim, pas. 

 atokoa ; atokoli, to appoint, pas. ulhtoka ; okchali, to awake, pas. okcha, 

 siteli, to bind, pas. sita; hopi, to bury, pas. hoUohpi; akvUi, to cobble, 

 pas. ulhvta; ikbi, to build, toba, to be built; hukmi, to burn, holukmi, to 

 be burned; chanli, to chop, chaya, to be chopped; bohli, to beat, boa, to 

 be beaten; bvshU, to carve, bvsha, to be carved. Some passives are made 

 by prefixing Ih, a locative and intensive particle from vhli, it may be, to 

 the active; as, tolino, to hire, illiotno, to be hired; ipeta, to feed, ilhpita, to 

 be fed ; apoa, to give in marriage, passive, vlhpoba ; abeha, to enter a 

 place, passive, vllibiha. 



§ 3. The possessive verb is formed by prefixing the inseparable posses- 

 sive pronouns to other verbs. Thus, ihikiah, he has him standing; iman- 

 tah, he has him staying; intalaiah, he has it standing (like water in a 

 vessel); imachukmah, he has, good, there is good for him; intobah, he has 

 it made; imokpuloh, he has evil, he is evil. 



§ 4. The attributive verbs affirm attributes or qualities, and are often 

 used as adjectives and adverbs; as, kuUo, to be strong; sa kulloh, I am 

 strong; achukma, to be good; sa achukmah, I am good. The possessive 

 pronouns are affixed to these verbs, as vm achukmah, I have a good one; 

 a falaiah, I have a long one, or it is long for me. 



§ 5. The personal verbs take the objective inseparable pronouns; as, 

 sa lakshah, I perspire; svllih, I die; sanusih, I sleep; saiokchayah. Hive; 

 sa hoitah, I vomit. When the act is involuntary, sometimes a change in 

 the form of the verb occurs; as, hoeta lih, I vomit it up; hotilliko lih, I 

 cough; habishko lih, I sneeze; fiopa hh, I breathe. 



§ 6. All verbs end in the infinitive in i, a, or o. They all have an 

 affirmative and negative fonn in all moods and tenses. This is made by 



