Brinton.] '■'^^ [Februaiy 4, 



means of the negative prefix ik, and by changing the terminal vowel to 

 o when it is i or a; when it is o, it undei-goes no change. Thus, anta, to 

 stay; ik anto, not to stay; minti, to come; ik minto, not to come; Lk 

 ishko, not to drink. 



Both forms take the inseparable pronouns as prefixes, and the article- 

 pronouns as suffixes, but both classes of pronouns are written separately, 

 as far as may be. Thus, chi pisa lik vt, thee see I who, I who see thee. 



§ 7. The modes. There are six modes, the infinitive, indicative, poten- 

 tial, subjunctive, optative, and imperative. 



§ 8. THE INFINITIVE MODE. 



This is the root or ground form of the verb, from which the other 

 modes are formed by sufiixes. It can be used as a nou.n, or in an adverbial 

 sense, takchi, to tie, a tier, the act of tying; hvUot takchi, to tie strongly. 

 It takes the inseparable pronouns and the prepositions as prefixes, and the 

 article-pronouns, and particles of tense as suffixes. Examples : chi takchi, 

 to tie thee; chin takchi, to tie for thee; ille takchi, to tie himself; itti 

 takchi, to tie each other; iti takchi, to tie them to each other; a takchi, 

 to tie at; on takchi, to tie on; isht takchi, to tie with; ant takchi, to come 

 and tie; ont takchi, to go and tie; et takchi, to tie hither; pit takchi, to 

 tie thither; takchi q,, to tie him to the; takchi ma, to tie simultaneously; 

 takchi ho, to tie distinctive; takchi tuk, takchi tok, to have tied; takcha 

 chi, takcha he, to tie in the future; takcha chin tuk, to be about to have 

 tied; takchi tuk achi, to have been about to tie. 



The English infinitive is sometimes translated by the indicative : as Mat. 

 V. 17, okpvni la hi osh g,ya li tuk keyu; amba aiahlichilg, he mak a tok, I 

 am not come to destroy but to fulfil; sometimes the English indicative is 

 translated by the infinitive; as Mat. XI. 30, vm ikonla abanay^il abanali 

 ka im vlhpiesa, to put on himself my yoke is easy for him. 



The negative form is made by the prefix ik, and the change of the last 

 vowel to o, and corresponds to the English prefixes dis, un, in, etc. ; as, 

 iktakcho, not to tie, to untie; haklo, to hear, ikhaklo, not to hear. 



§ 9. Modifications of the verb. There are numerous modifications of 

 the ground form or infinitive mode of verbs, each of which forms a new in- 

 finitive from which other modifications may arise. Some of the modifica- 

 tions are by internal changes, others by adding a particle. They are: 



1. The definite form, takchi, to tie. 



2. The distinctive form, takchi, to be tying the while; implying continu- 

 ance, prominence, and compai-ison. 



3. The intensive form. This is made in various ways: 



1. By an increase of emphasis on the accented syllable of a word; as, 

 tokbah, to be so bad; takchi to tie. 



2. By lengthening the vowel sound in the accented syllable; as, chito, 

 to be large, cheto, to be quite large; patvssa, to be flat, patassa, to be 

 quite flat. 



3. By inserting a syllable; as, taiyakchi, to tie; chieto, to be decidedly 

 larffe. 



