Delmar.] ZqA [Oct. 2, 



Secondly. "Time is of but little object, aud the saving of it, if any, hy 

 rail, is questionable, owing to the delays in forwarding and obtaining 

 delivery of the goods." 



Thirdly. "The rates of railway freights are so high as to make but 

 little, if any, difference in the cost." 



Though it should be remembered, in mitigation of this charge, that all 

 of the materials, some of t\\Q personnel, and, most important, all of the 

 coal for the railway service has to be imported from Europe ; yet the 

 Consul's reasons for the avoidance of the railways involve i-eproaches to 

 the Khedive's system of rule, which appear to show that even with cheap 

 fuel, railways and despotism will not work well together. 



The converse of this induction, that railways need a free government 

 for their development, is strikingly shown in the great progress which 

 the former have made in this country, and the relative progress they have 

 made in all countries. 



When it is remembered that thousands of years ago Egypt possessed 

 stone railways, and perhaps also wooden ones, it is rather a dark stigma 

 on the Khedive's rule that, with all his efforts to imitate European pro- 

 gress, the government he has established is so distasteful to his people, 

 that rather than employ his boasted engines of progress, they find it 

 preferable to return to the camels and the old paces and slow ways of 

 their forefathers. 



Of telegraphs there were in 1863 about 360 miles, and in 1873 about 

 3,460 miles. These works all belong to the government. 



Rates op Freight. 

 In 18G3 the freight on baled cotton by railway from Mansurah to Alex- 

 andria, a distance of about 100 miles, was 48 cents per cantar, or, say, 55 

 cents per cwt. Rates of freight from Alexandria to Liverpool in 1873, 

 for wheat and beans 61 cents @ $1.34 per quarter of 8 bushels ; to Mar- 

 seilles, 60 cents per 100 kilos., or, say, 17 cents per bushel. 



Haying now very fully examined Egypt's resources, natural, artificial 

 and human, we turn to the practical results of these means and forces, 

 which are summed up in her 



Agricultural Products. 



In 1834 the produce of Egypt was stated to Dr. Bowring as follows : 



Wheat, bushels 3,144,500 '■ Sugar, cwts. ., 32,000 



Beans, " 2,648,000 



Lentils, " 231,700 



Barley, " 1,853,600 



Maize, " 529,600 



Dourra, " 2,813,500 



Chickpeas, " 165,500 



Lupins " 115,850 



Helbeh(A;) " 364,100 



Cotton, " 206,000 



Flax, " 55,000 



Saffron, " 3,500 



Tobacco, " 100,000 



Hennah, " 30,000 



Indigo, lbs 212,575 



Silk, " 178,750 



Opium, " 41,250 



Rice " 450, 160, Linseed, bushels 198,600 



(fe) A seed with a somewhat bitter taste, whose flour is mixed with dourra. 



