1875.] Oi)0 [Delmar, 



vated plateaux, the former being filled with miaeral riches, the latter ouce 

 the scene of immense agricultural productions. 



Moneys, Weights and Measures. 



Previous to July 19, 1849, the weights and measures of Spain differed 



in every province*, though those of New Castile, the province in which 



the capital of the country is situated, were the ones generally employed 



in works relating to the entire country. The following table shows the 



principal moneys and principal weights and measures in use previous 



to the establishment of the metrical system : 



Moneys, Weights and Measures — Old System. 



1 Escudo, equal to (exchange value, about) |0.50 U. S. Gold, 



1 Real de Plata, " 10 " " 



1 Real de Vellon, " 05 " " 



1 Arroba of wiae, " 4.26S gallons. ? , 



X Arrotto of oil, " 3.323 " \'- 



1 Aranzada, " , 1.105 acres. ) 



1 Fanegada, " 1591 " >| 



1 Fanega, ' •" 1.55 biish. ) 



1 Libra, " 1.01-14 lbs. avoir.f 



There is also a land measure used in Valencia, and perhaps elsewhere, 

 called the Jianegada, equal to 0.2062 acres. The cahiz is equal to 12 

 fanegas, or 18.6 bushels. 



Moneys, Weiglits and, Measures — New System. 



Although the metrical system was established throughout the entire 

 kingdom of Spain by the law of July 19, 1849, the old metrology con- 

 tinued to be employed in Spanish works so late as 1859, and sometimes 

 it is still used. Under the present system Spanish names are given to 

 the French moneys, weights and measures. The franc is called t*in 

 peseta; the metre, vutro; the litre, Utro, etc. The equivalents of these 

 terms are well known. 



The reform effected by the adoption of the metrical systeoa in Spain, 

 though insignificant when compared with the far more essential reforms 

 which will presently be alluded to, is nevertheless not altogether unim- 



* For a full account of Spanish, provincial metrology see book of Instructions to Spanish 

 Consuls, a work to be found in the hands of the various Spanish consular offleials 

 thrcughoiit the world. 



t Von Baumhauer. 



% The best authorities for these equivalents are : 1. The Official Instructions to Span- 

 ish Consuls^ and 2. The able paper of M. Von Baumhauer, published in the Report of 

 the Seventh International Statistical Congress, vol. 3, p. 173. These authorities agree 

 substantially as to the Oastilian Aranzada and Fanegada. The Spanish work estab- 

 lishes the Aranzada at 4471.92644 metres; M. Von Baumhauer says 44.71918 ares. The 

 Spanish work fixes the Fane.gadd. at 6439.574075 metres; M. Von Baumhauer says 

 64.39533 ares. But when it comes to the Fanega they differ. The Spanish work sets it 

 down at 55.101055 litres ; while M. Von Baumhauer says 55.5J123 litres. Other authori- 

 ties differ from both of these. Deeming the Spanish official publication the highest 

 authority on the subject, I have adopted the equivalents therein established as being 

 the most correct. The American equivalents of the metrical weights and measures are 

 from the invaluable little work of Ur. B. F. Oraig, of Washington, D, C, which corrects 

 the errors of the British Assay Office. 



§ Von Baumhauer. 



