Delmar.] 



308 



[Jan. 15, 



Land Sown in Grain and Potatoes. 

 Of the 32,210,071 acres of land devoted to grain and other products, or 

 in fallow, the following portions were sown in grain and potatoes only: 



Wheat 7,311,892 acres. 



Barley 3,182,100 " 



Rye 2,961,863 " 



Maize and other grain 1,351,687 " 



Potatoes.. 509,503 " 



Total 15,316,865 " 



The divisions of land in 1874 are estimated as follows: 



Divisions of Land in 1874. 



Cultivated and fallow : 



Arable land, i.e., land sown in various crops, fallow land, 

 grass under rotation, groves, orchards and gardens 



Vineyards 



Olive grounds 



Meadows and pastures 



Mountainous land 



Sites, mines and quarries 



Forests 



Barren, waste, public and water surfaces 



Total 124,739,200 



Acres. 



40,000,000 

 3,000,000 

 2,000,000 



17,000,000 



10,800,000 

 3,700,000 

 6,800,000 



41,439,200 



The cultivated and fallow lands, which amounted to less than 28,000,000 



acres in 1803, and about 37,000,000 acres in 1857, now amount to 45,000,000 



acres; showing as great progress during the seventeen years from 1857 to 



1874 as occurred in the fifty-four years from 1803 to 1857. According to 



this measure, progress has been thrice as rapid during recent years as it 



was previously. 



Population. 



According to Martin, Spain, in the time of Julius Csesar, contained a 

 population of 78,000,000; according to a Spanish author quoted in the 

 U. S. Com. Rel., 1865, p. 169, she had 68,000,000; according to Appleton's 

 Cyclopedia she had 40,000 ,000. I place no reliance whatever on these con- 

 jectures. Seaman's Progress of Nations, p. 551, also contains a series of 

 conjectures on the subject which are certainly wrong or fallacious. The 

 earliest authentic account of the population of Spain, dates abovit five 

 centuries ago, when under the Moors, she was stated to have contained 

 21,700,000 inhabitants. This account — from the number and opulence 

 of her towns, the works of improvement executed and which still remain, 

 the breadth of land cultivated, the number of houses, woi-kshops, artisans, 

 etc., all of which are known with reference to many localities, — this 

 account I believe to be substantially correct. 



Through the expulsion of the Moors, who were the agriculturists, and 

 the Jews, who were the manufacturers and merchants of Spain, this vast 

 population, which, in my opinion, is the greatest the soil of Spain ever 



