Delmar.J Oi^ [jan. 15, 



Non-Agricultural Male Adults. 



Number, 



Servants , 



Merchants 



Scientific 



Artists and meclianics 



Manufacturers 



Miners, (1864) 



Workmen in refining and smelting works, (1864) 



Fishermen, 1866 



Seamen in ports, harbors, etc., 1863 



" foreign trade, 1863 



" coasting trade, 1863 



206,090 

 119,234 

 35,736 

 88,728 

 67,327 

 33,201 

 9,945 

 39,440 

 11,285 

 16,181 

 21,606 



Total . 



1,645,191 



Total able-bodied men, 3,803,991. This would leave, at the most, but 

 2,158,800 agriculturists. At an average of four inhabitants to each able- 

 bodied man, this would imply, at the most, an agricultural population of 

 8,632,000, which is 55 per cent, of the whole. Add to the 2,158,800 male 

 adult agriculturists about 340,000 female laborers, and we have in round 

 numbers 2,500,009 persons actually employed in agriculture. This num- 

 ber forms less than 16 per cent, of the whole, a proportion that, taking 

 into consideration the rude state of tillage in vogue, would seem entirely 

 inadequate to produce the requisite amount of food for all. 



Macgregor (p. 944) publishes the details of a cadastral return of the 

 population for 1826, concerning the correctness of the total sum of which 

 there is perhaps some doubt. The total figure is 13,712,000, while the 

 total of the table of details is but 13,211,301. In this table the agricul- 

 tural population is placed at 1,836,320 heads of families and others, aud 

 6,777,140 women and children, the first-named figure being 13.9 per cent. 

 of the whole and the latter 65.2 per cent. The details of heads of agri- 

 cultural families and others are as follows : Proprietors, 364,514 ; farmers 

 (middle men), 527,423 ; laborers, 805,235 ; proprietors of herds and flocks, 

 25,530; and shepherds, 113,628. 



I am inclined to believe these pi-oportions to be nearer the truth, and 

 the truth at the pi'esent time, than those deduced above. 



The discrepancies have doubtless arisen less from any material changes 

 in the occupations of the people than from the fact that in many districts 

 the agricultural laborer often alters his trade during the year ; so that 

 the agreement of two censuses would depend largely upon the time of 

 the year they were taken respectively. (See on this point, L. T., 24, §9.) 



Female Laborers. 

 In Galicia and Asturias the number of female laborers is nearly equal 

 to the male. These districts comprise about one-fifth of the population. 

 In Carthagena, province of Murcia, population 380,969, female labor is 

 seldom or never employed for field work. In Minorca female labor is 

 employed hardly at all. In Majorca it is employed. Female laborers are 



