Cope.] 4<0 [June 13, 



seen in the country, and the sijecies is an abundant one. In No. 

 14, the remaining part of the western wall is fifteen feet in height. 

 There was a good deal of pottery lying on the western slope of the rock, 

 but of flint implements and chips, I found but few. All of these ruins 

 contain full-grown sage-bushes. No. 18 is the largest ruin ; tlie 

 length of its enclosure is 8.62 metres, and the width 6.71 metres; its 

 west wall is six feet high ; the floor is overgrown with sage of the 

 largest size. This building stood 51 metres from No. 17 ; 12.80 metres 

 northward, the ridge descends slightly to the level of the causeway 

 already mentioned. Here are five more ruined buildings of the sanre 

 average size as the others, interrupted by but one short interval. 



From this depression, that part of the hog-back which is north of the 

 causeway rises abruptly in a perpendicular face. It is composed princi- 

 pally of two layers of the sandstone dipping at 4o°W. which are sepai-a- 

 ted by a deep cavity from a point fifteen feet from the base upwards. 

 This niche has been appropriated for a habitation, for it is walled across 

 to a height of six feet from its base. The foot of the wall is quite in- 

 accessible, but by climbing round the eastern face of the precipice, a 

 ledge is found at the base of the projecting stratum which forms the east 

 wall of the enclosure. This was scaled by means of a staii'case of stones, 

 a number of which were in position at the time of my visit. The re- 

 maining portion of the hog-back is elevated and smooth, and the founda- 

 tion stones only of several houses remain. One of these contains two 

 stout posts of which four feet remain above ground ; the last is near the 

 end of the ridge, and is bounded by a wall of ten feet in height which 

 forms its western side. 



The walls of these houses are built with a mortar of mud, mixed in 

 many cases at least with ashes, judging from the abundant specks of 

 charcoal which it contains. It is not of good quality, and has weathered 

 much from between the stones. I could not discover any indication of 

 burning of the houses by fire, either on the stones or the cedar posts. The 

 latter doubtless lost, by weathering, such indications had they existed, 

 and the combustion of the entire contents of such small edifices could 

 ,have affected their stone walls but little. I found uo remains of bones of 

 .animals or men about them. 



This town I called Cristone. The same hog-back recommences a little 

 more than a mile to the north, rising to a greater elevation, say six or 

 seven hundred feet above the valley. The east side is perpendicular, 

 while the dip of the west side is 60°, and sometimes even a higher 

 angle. On this almost inaccessible crest, I could see from the val- 

 ley the walls of ruined stone buildings such as I have described, but 

 unfortunately my limited time prevented me from making a detailed 

 examination of them. In the opposite direction, I observed a similar 

 ruin on an outlying hill adjacent to the southern portion of the southern 

 hog-back. This one is of larger size than any of the others ; but I was 

 unable to visit it. 



The position of these buildings is susceptible of the same explanation 



