I9IS.] IN AIR CIRCULATION OF THE GLOBE. 197 



In Kaiser Wilhelm land also the report of von Drygalski shows 

 that the prevailing winds blow downward off the inland-ice onto the 

 sea and the shelf-ice in front, being deviated to the left — the prevail- 

 ing strong winds are from the easterly quarter. 



Later Confirmation. — Later data which bear upon the problem 

 are derived from the Amundsen and the second Scott south polar ex- 

 peditions, from the second German expedition to the Antarctic com- 

 manded by Filchner, and from the Australasian Antarctic expedi- 

 tion of 1911-14 under command of Dr., now Sir Douglas, Mawson. 

 The route of Captain Amundsen passes through the mountain ram- 

 part which hems in the inland-ice, keeping a direction diagonal to 

 it and for some distance after leaving the outlet behind taking a 

 course near a high mountain range. The few data upon wind 

 directions which he has jotted down in his narrative, appear to indi- 

 cate local currents controlled by these mountains until he had 

 reached the 88th parallel, where he entered an area of calms and 

 light variable winds. ^^ The second Scott expedition inasmuch as it 

 followed the route of the earlier Shackleton expedition, has for the 

 greater part of the distance, or until it entered the area of calms, 

 served only to confirm the prevalence of outwardly flowing wind 

 currents described by Shackleton.^'* 



The recent Australasian expedition supplies evidence from a 

 new quarter — the long coastal area near the Antarctic circle and to 

 the westward of the Ross Sea, on which coast the inland-ice is not 

 held in restraint by any barrier of mountains, as is the case in South 

 Victoria Land. Along this coast, summer and winter alike, almost 

 incessant storms blow off the ice onto the sea. These outwardly 

 directed storm winds tend to keep the near sea area clear of pack-ice 

 but offer great difficulties in the way of effecting a landing at all 

 save those rare occasions when the force of the wind falls away.^^ 



In Prince Regent Luitpold Land, where the later German ex- 

 pedition effected a landing upon the inland-ice — here likewise un- 

 confined by a mountain wall and with partially detached shelf-ice in 



13 Roald Amundsen, " The South Pole," Vol. 2, 1913. 

 1* " Scott's Last Expedition," Vol. i. Chapters XVII-XIX. 

 15 Sir Douglas Mawson, "Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-14," 

 Gcogr. Jour., Vol. 44, 1914, pp. 257-286, maps and plates. 



