1904.J ANTHROPOID APES. 415- 



doubtful characters, from lack of material, foi- Gorilla castaneice20s^ 

 of Slack. The lattei' author gives as one of the principal characters 

 (if not the principal) of his species, the red crown ; now I have 

 seen a good many Gaboon and Ogowe Gorillas, and I have found 

 the r-ed colour so variable that I am forced to regard Gorilla 

 castaneiceps merely as a casual aberration of Gorilla gorilla. The 

 cranial characters, as given by Matschie, appear to me also very 

 uncertain. On the other hand, the Gorilla manyema of Alix and 

 Bouvier I believe to be a very large ape of the group of Simia 

 vellerosus Gray, and not a Gorilla at all, although Professor 

 Matschie places it as a synonym of Gorilla castaneice])^. While 

 I consider G. castaneiceps to be an aberration only of G. gorilla, 

 I think Professor Matschie was rather bold to unite all South 

 Camaroons Gorillas with the typical Gaboon G. gorilla. The 

 Camaroons specimens I have seen appear to me to have shorter 

 and stouter limb-bones, much longer hair, and the skulls show 

 as a rule, thovxgh not always, a higher crista sagittalis. The 

 facial portion is also shorter than in G. gorilla. These characters 

 are more or less given by Matschie as probable points of distinction 

 between G. castaneicep)s and G. gorilla, but Slack did not found 

 his species on these characters. Professor Matschie has separated 

 the North Camaroons form of Goiilla as G. diehli on the evidence 

 of eight skulls, all of which have the planum nuchale much widei" 

 than high. I am inclined to tMnk that the IST. and S. Camaroons 

 Gorillas are merely geographical races of the Gaboon and Ogowe 

 Gorilla gorilla, while, owing to the presence of full beard and the 

 skull having certain very peculiar differences, the Gorilla from 

 Kirunga, in German East Africa, ought to be upheld as a species, 

 at least till we can examine f ullei- material. I projDose to call the 

 S. Camaroons race Gorilla gorilla matschiei, subsp. nov. Hair 

 longer than in Gorilla gorilla, whole back and fore part of legs 

 much greyer, limbs much shorter and stouter ; crest of skull 

 generally higher and rising closer to the ai-cus superciliaris ; skull 

 generally shorter : female much greyer. 



From the foregoing particulars it will be seen that Gorilla 

 gorilla and G. gorilla matschiei differ widely in the proportions of 

 their skulls. (I have compared five fully adult males of equal 

 size, all much above the averge size.) The most striking differ- 

 ences are certainly in the shape of the hinder surface of head 

 and the basioccipital bone, as well as the very widely different 

 portion of the lower jaw comprising the coronoid pi-ocess and the 

 articular condyle. I have compared numerous other Gorillas' 

 skulls — in all 27 S and $ , adult and young — in my possession, 

 both from the Gaboon and the Camaroons, but they are all more 

 or less imperfect or less adult than the five compared, so that the 

 measurements could only have been partially given, therefore I 

 did not think it advisable to quote them in this paper. 



The casts of the type skulls c? $ of Gorilla diehli Matschie 

 agree perfectly with two skulls wanting the lower jaws which I 



