1904.] ANTHROPOID APES. 429 



parted in centre ; hair very sparse all ovei- body ; arms very long ; 

 heard almost absent. 



Since writing the paper (Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1904, 

 pp. 55-59) Professor Matschie has examined over one hundred 

 Chimpanzees, including the types of Trog. auhryi, Tr. niger, 

 Tr. calims, Tr. Icoolookamha, Tr. tschego, Tr. troglodytes, Tr. 

 fuliginosus, Tr. marungensis, and Tr. leucoprymnus, besides many 

 skulls, and in consequence has found much in the above-quoted 

 article which requires altering. With such of those alterations 

 as he has communicated to me I quite agree. The conclusions 

 both he and I have come to make it clear that there ai'e at least 

 four distinct species of Chimpanzee [Simla) all living side by side 

 throughout the greater pai-t of their range, while I, personally, 

 maintain there are five such species. The five species, according 

 to the geographical and physical position of various portions of 

 their range, again fall into a nvimber of well- developed subspecies 

 = geogi-aphical races ; and we find that at pi-esent we have 

 twelve named races belonging to five species ; while Professor 

 Matschie, in a forthcoming paper, proposes to describe, besides 

 others, two new forms fi'om Liberia, two from Cential Congo, and 

 three from the Uelle region. At present I only propose to deal 

 with the twelve named forms of which the following are the Key 

 and Synopsis, which latter, I hope, will be understood by aid of 

 the former ; but the notes following them will no doubt clear up 

 much . 



Key. 



j Face of adult black or blackish brown 2 



\ Face of adult pale 3 



Hair long, harsh and black ; ai'cus superciliaris strongly 



developed Simla satyrus maricngensls. 



Hair long and soft, generally yellowish giey in very 

 old animals. Last lower molar very small ; facial 

 portion of skull veiy short ; canines very large. 



Slmia vellerosus. 



Hair long and soft, sooty-brown to black. 



Simla vellerosus fidiglnosus. 



Hair and beard very long, limbs long ; head narrow 

 and very high, face olive-bi-own. 

 ^ Si'inia satyrus schiveinfiirthii. 



Hair black, short, and harsh ; head round, ears enormous. 



Siviia koolookamha. 



Hair short, harsh ; head long ; arcus superciliaris 

 strongly developed. Last lower molar showing four 

 very ill-defined tubercles, facial portion of skull 

 long, canines small Simla satyrus. 



Hair black and short, ears very small ; face very 

 prognathous ; last lower molar with five large tuber- 

 cles as in Gorilla ; eyes very wide apart . . . Simia aubryi. 



