1904. 



OSTEOLOGY OF CLUPEOID FISHES. 



453 



by the abnormal length of the latter. The first pharyngo- 

 branchial is conical, fully ossified, and in a line with the first 

 epibranchial ; there is no spicular bone. The second pharyngo- 

 branchial is triangular, and about 2| or 3 times as long as broad. 

 The third pharyngobranchial is long ; its anterior part is slender 

 and rod-like, and runs along the mesial edge of the second 

 pharyngobranchial . 



Text-fig. 121. 



CMrocentriis clorah, hyobranchial skeleton, dorsal view. The epibrauchials and 

 pharj'ngobrancliials of the right side are not shown. For explanation of 

 lettering see p. 493. 



Olupea finta, etc. 



In 1820 Weber (De Aure et Auditu Hominis et Animalium, 

 pi. 8. figs. 64-66) gave three views of the cranium of the Herring, 

 and a remarkably accurate description of the osseous bullpe that 

 enclose the dilatations of the anterior end of the swim-bladder. 

 Rosenthal's figures (Ichthyotomische Tafeln, Aufl. 2, Berlin, 

 1839, pi. 4) are moderately accurate, but of no particular value ; 

 and Brlihl's figures (Yergl. Anat. aller Thierklassen, Abschn. 1, 

 Skelettlehre der Fische, 1847, pi. 5. fig. 32 and pi. 10) are copied 

 from those of Weber and Rosenthal. The figure of the skull of 

 the Herring in the ' Histoire Naturelle des Poissons ' of Cuvier 

 and Valenciennes (pi. 593) is hardly worth mentioning. The 

 side view of the complete skeleton of the Alose given by Agassiz 

 in his ' Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles ' (Atlas, v. pi. L) 

 is good, but only the superficial bones are seen, and none of 

 them are named. 



