1905. | OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. ne 
metacarpal, as compared with the 4th and 5th; the 5th meta- 
carpal decidedly longer than the 4th; &e. 
Tail a little longer than the lower leg. Plagiopatagiuim inserted 
on tarsus. 
Colour (of a spirit-specimen, unfaded). Fur of upper side a very 
dark shade of “drab,” approaching “ Prout’s brown”; base of 
hairs rather more distinctly drab; under side somewhat darker 
than drab. 
Skull. Four anterior nasal swellings and two posterior. The 
four anterior arranged in a transverse row, forming the upper and 
lateral borders of the nasal opening. Externally these anterior 
swellings are separated only by extremely faint linear depressions ; 
internally by three bony lamelle, also easily observable through 
the thin, transparent outer wall of the swellings. The posterior 
nasal swellings, situated immediately behind the anterior ones, at 
the front corner of the orbital cavity, are much lower, slightly 
concave at summit; three very faint lines divide them, rather 
indistinctly, into an upper, middle, and lower swelling.—The 
shape and arrangement of the nasal swellings, as here described, 
are, roughly speaking, the same in almost all the members of the 
simplex-group; there is some variation in the size of the swellings 
in the different species; but the more noteworthy deviations from 
the general scheme are two only: Rh. malayanus and Rh, stheno. 
Postnasal depression triangular in shape, rather long; the 
supraorbital crests, which constitute the lateral border of this 
depression, meeting (and joining the sagittal crest) at a point more 
or less behind the middle of the orbital cavity. ‘“ Supraorbital 
length ” of skull (¢. e. distance between the point of junction of 
supraorbital crests and median anterior point of nasal swellings) 
greater than extreme width of nasal swellings.—The shape of 
this part of the skull, as here described, is characteristic of only 
the four most primitive members of the group (simplex, mega- 
phyllus, truncatus, nanus). 
Palatal bridge comparatively long (in antero-posterior direction); 
measured in the median line equal to about one-third the length 
of the upper tooth-row ; median anterior point opposite the front 
of m’, median posterior point opposite the middle of m?. 
Dentition. As a general guidance: in all existing species of the 
genus the upper p’ * is completely lost ; in all the more primitive 
* T write the dental formula (excel. of incisors and canines) of a Rhinolophus with the 
(cf. Herluf Winge, 
p?_-p* m! m? m3 
Po P3 Py M, M, mM, 
“ Jordfundne oz nulevende Flagermus fra Lagoa Santa; med Udsigt over Flager- 
musenes indbyrdes Slegtskab” ; E Museo Lundii, vol. ii. pt. 1 (1892), p. 56). As 
already mentioned by Winge, we have no positive proof whether the upper premolar 
lost in all known species is p? or p?. For two reasons I regard the former alternative 
to be the more probable :—(1) In all Rhinolophi, also the most primitive forms, the 
lower p, 1S on the point of being reduced, in the more highly-developed species 
pushed definitely out to the external side of the tooth-row, in the still higher forms 
completely lost; it is but reasonable to suppose that the premolar quite lost 
in the upper jaw of al7 species corresponds to the premolar which is on the point 
of being lost in the lower jaw of all species, in consonance with the general rule 
that the teeth of the upper jaw show a more advanced stage of evolution than those 
most complete known dentition as follows : 
