1905. | OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 93 
(compared with the fourth metacarpal); the excessively short 
tail; and the smaller hind foot. 
Phylogenetically, Rh. stheno is evidently more closely connected 
with Ah. nereis than with any other hitherto known Bat, To call 
the resemblance between these two species (in III.*, [V.’, the tail) 
“ convergence,’ would be a phrase only, not an explanation, There 
can scarcely be any doubt that the type of Rhinolophus to which 
the now existing Rh. borneensis belongs, sent off a branch west- 
wards; a part of this branch, isolated on the Anambas Islands, 
developed into Fh, nereis; another part, in the Malay Peninsula, 
into Fh, stheno (cf. the diagram on p. 120). 
11. Rurotopnus rouxt Temm. (Plate IIT. fig. 9 a, b, ¢, d.) 
Diagnosis. Allied to Rh. borneensis, but larger, and with con- 
siderably longer metacarpals. Third metacarpal 34-38 mm. 
Forearm 46—51°5 mm. 
Details. This is a large, continental representative of the 
borneensis type, characterised chiefly by the much longer meta- 
earpals and the shape of the lancet. In general size, the 
continental 2h. rowxi bears the same relation to the insular 
Rh. borneensis as the continental Rh. megaphyllus does to the 
insular Lh. simplex. 
The sella is practically parallel-margined from base to summit ; 
not rarely some faint indication of a constriction at the middle 
can be traved ; summit broadly rounded off. In simplea and its 
closest allies the lancet is long and quite (or almost) cuneate ; 
in borneensis there is some tendency towards a slight emargination 
of the lateral margins of the lancet ; this tendency has been carried 
almost to an extreme in rowai: the lancet is hastate, i. e., abruptly 
narrowed in the middle, the tip well developed and slender (not 
abnormally shortened, as in thomas); but still, individually 
(though, as it seems, rather rarely), in rout, the lancet is less 
abruptly narrowed, as an atavism towards a passed stage, The 
ears are as in borneensis. 
Wing-structure almost on the simplex-borneensis stage, 7. e., 
III? almost always less than 13 the length of III.!. The rare 
individual exception, that IIT.* is equal to (or a mere trifle 
more than) 13 the length of ITI.', is of some interest as fore- 
shadowing the next important step to be taken in the series of 
evolution, viz., from rowxi to affinis, in which species III.” is 
always considerably more than 14 the length of IIT.’ 
Plagiopatagium inserted on, or 1-4 mm, above, the tarsus, 7. e., 
there is evidently some tendency to draw the insertion of this 
membrane away from the ankle-joint, a little higher up on the 
tibia; compare with this 2h. afinis. The proportionate length 
of the tail is as in borneensis. 
Skull. The skull of Rh. rousxi is larger than that of borneensis, 
but I fail to find any appreciable difference in the shape—a 
strong evidence of the very close relationship between the two 
species. The individual variation in the size of the skull, in 
