102 MR, K, ANDERSEN ON BATS: [May 16, 
than, and with very rare exceptions considerably more than, 14 the 
length of the first phalanx, a peculiarity which is preserved in the 
subsequent stage of evolution: ferrwm-equinum. The aberrant 
species just alluded to, viz. Rh. nereis, stheno, and thomasi, are, 
from this point of view, of especial interest, as being Bats of the 
rouxt type which already show the wing-structure characteristic 
of the more highly developed affinis. 
kh. affinis is larger than rouxi ; but small affinis have the same 
length of the forearm as very large rouxi. In such cases, 
Ph. afjfinis, provided the specimens examined are fresh or preserved 
in spirit, can, of course, easily be discriminated by the shape of 
the sella and the length of III’; if preserved as dried skins (in 
which the shape of the sella is often difficult to recognise), still 
the latter character remains unchanged. 
Colour. The many forms in which this species is differentiated 
seem to agree, rather closely, in colour :—- 
(1) Darker individuals: gad., Darjeeling (2h. a. himalayanus) ; 
Oct. 22nd; teeth unworn; skin :—Upper side “ mars-brown” 
with a rather strong hue of “drab”; no horse-shoe patch; base 
of hairs ‘“ ecru-drab”; under side ‘ broccoli-brown.” 
Still darker isa ¢ ad. from Lombok (2h. a. princeps); teeth ° 
somewhat worn ; in alcohol; unfaded :—‘ Prout’s brown” above, 
base of hairs ‘‘wood-brown”; under side almost “ tawny-olive.” 
(2) Light-coloured individuals: ¢ ad., Nanking (2h. a. hima- 
layanus); July 5th; teeth somewhat worn; skin :—Extremely 
light. Above light “clay,” almost “ ochraceous-buff,” hinder 
back somewhat darker; a rather distinct, ‘‘ mars-brown ” horse- 
shoe patch; base of hairs “ cream-buff”; under side very light, 
almost ‘ cream-buff.”—-A spirit specimen ( gf ad.) from the same 
locality (June 15th) is quite of the same colour. 
Skull. The essential characters as in rouaxi, proving that 
Rh. affinis originated from a Bat of that type. The skull is 
generally larger, and the gap in front between the maxillary 
bones wider. Chief character: the exceedingly short palatal 
bridge, as a rule only 7 the length of the maxillary tooth-row, or 
even less; in rowxi, with very rare exceptions, decidedly more 
than t, sometimes almost 3. The teeth, too, are slightly larger. 
Dentition. p, external and extremely small; but, as a rare 
exception, this premolar may still, in this comparatively highly- 
developed species, show some tendency towards the tooth-row 
(one skull, out of 19), or be halfway in row (one). p, and p, 
generally quite, or almost, in contact (14 skulls); in the remaining 
somewhat more distinctly separated. p> always in the tooth-row, 
extremely small, and the interspace between the canine and p* 
rather narrow. In no less than five skulls there isan exceedingly 
narrow, In most cases almost hair-fine, interspace between p* and 
p' (the former place of p’) 
Distribution. From the N.W. Himalayas to 8. China; through 
Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, and N. Natunas, to Sumatra, 
Java, and Lombok. 
