108 MR. K, ANDERSEN ON BATS [May 16, 
vertical grooves on the front of the lower lip. In the eastern races 
of ferrum-equinum (nippon, tragatus, regulus) sometimes exactly 
the same, but very often the lateral grooves are more or less 
reduced ; in the western races (proximus, typicus, obscurus) they 
have, as arule, almost or quite disappeared *. 
As to the general size, the eastern races are, as it seems, always 
larger than any form of affinis; proximus and typicus at least on 
an average so; while obscurus is nearly of the same size as affinis 
himalayanus. 
The remaining external characters need only a brief record :-— 
The supplementary leaflet is slightly more reduced than in 
affinis, and more closely united to the upper lip; this latter it™is 
(more than the reduction) which makes it less distinctly visible. 
The posterior connecting process is more lengthened in antero- 
posterior direction, also a little more projecting, but quite rounded 
offat the summit. But, curiously enough, in one specimen (from 
Transcaspia) I find the process quite as in @finis (in all other 
specimens from W. Asia it is normal). The lancet has a marked 
tendency towards assuming a hastate shape, rather than a cuneate, 
the extreme tip being, generally, long and slender; but sometimes, 
and both in the eastern and western races (though more often in 
the former), individuals are found in which the lancet is almost 
cuneate, as in affinis.—These two individual variations are worth 
noticing, as, both of them, pointing back to affinis. 
The ears are somewhat modified: more attenuated below the 
tip, and more pointed. 
The plagiopatagium is inserted on the tarsus, on the base of the 
metatarsus, or about 1 mm. above the ankle-joint. But in one 
individual (from Cyprus) it is mserted no less than 6 mm. in 
front of the ankle-joint. It, again, recalls 2h. affinis. 
Colour. A small series of skins from Tessin, Switzerland, affords 
some information as to the difference in colour dependent on the 
age of the individuals; all the specimens are of the same sex, from 
the same locality, and the same month :— 
(1) Two full-grown, but younger individuals (females, 
December); distal epiphyses of metacarpals ossified, but teeth 
unworn; they are probably about six months old :—Upper side 
* According to Blanford (J. A. S. B. lvii. pt. 11. no. 3 (1888) p. 263), Rh. tragatus 
Hodgs., regarded by him asa distinct species, and corresponding to what is here 
called the eastern races of ferrwm-equinum, has three mental grooves, ferrum-equinum 
one only. If this were so, I should have no objection to separating Rh. tragatus 
‘specifically from ferrum-equinum. But there is, in this as in other respects, a 
complete intergradation. The details are these:—(1) “Rh. tragatus” (10 spirit- 
Specimens) : in three individuals (Kashmir, Almora, Darjeeling) the three grooves 
are perfectly distinct; in three (Masuri, Nepal) the lateral grooves are less distinct 
than the central one; in two (Nepal) they are so far on the way towards obliteration 
that it requires close examination to discover them; in the two remaining (Shanghai) 
they are still more reduced. (2) Rh. ferrum-equinum (s. stv.): rather often traces 
of the lateral grooves are easily observable; a number of individuals before me, from 
various places in Europe and W. Asia, have either a slight depression or a short 
linear groove on either side of the central one; ina specimen from Ttibingen (one 
instance only, among several) they are at least not moze obliterated than in two 
“tragatus” trom Nepal and two “ nippon” from Shanghai. 
