1905. ] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 109 
greyish “ drab,” lighter on the head and neck; base of hairs ‘ ecru; 
drab”; astrongly marked, dark brown horse-shoe patch ; under side 
almost “ ecru-drab” on throat and breast, very Lght “drab” on 
belly. 
(2) One (female, December); teeth almost unworn ; must be very 
nearly of the same age as (1):—Intermediate in colour between 
(1) and (3), but nearer to (3). 
(3) Three aged individuals (females, December); teeth worn ; 
two of them are at least 14 years old, the third (teeth very camel 
worn) still older :—Upper side, a shade of brown which might be 
described as “ mars-brown” with a pronounced tinge of ‘ ‘drab’; 
base of hairs light “ecru-drab”; scarcely any indication of a 
horse-shoe patch ; under side light ‘ wood-brown” with a tinge of 
* ecru-drab.” 
In a series from the Hautes-Pyrénées (January) I find the 
same differences in colour, but have not been able to verify the 
comparative age of the individuals by means of the skulls. 
Three skins from Minorca (spring) are like the aged Swiss 
individuals or, if anything, a trifle lighter. The teeth are worn, 
showing the animals to be, probably, at least about two years old. 
Skins of aged individuals from England are indistinguishable 
from Swiss specimens of a like age. A very young (not full- 
grown) example from Somerset is quite like the younger (greyish- 
drab) individuals from Switzerland. 
As a general conclusion: young individuals are, broadly 
speaking, ‘dark grey, old individuals brown; the Colon of the 
young animal is retained, at least in some individuals, till 
December, beyond the time when the epiphyses of the metacarpals 
have become ossified. For those who have an opportunity to 
watch these Bats in the caves during the winter, it would be an 
object of some interest to ascertain how the colour-change is 
effected, by a moult or by a recolouring of the hairs. 
Shull. The essential characters as in th. affinis, the general 
shape hardly different, but as a rule, of course, the skull is larger. 
The four anterior swellings are slightly more differentiated ; ‘the 
median ones almost circular in outline, the lateral ones oblong. 
Chief character: the much longer palatal bridge: very nearly 3 
the length of the maxillar tooth-row, a little more or less, but 
never so short as $ the tooth-row (as in affinis). 
Dentition. p, external and exceedingly small, or, very often, lost, 
also in younger individuals. p, and p,in contact. p* completely 
external, extremely small, not rarely y lost, also in younger 
individuals. Upper canine and p’ not only in contact, but their 
cingula, as a rule, considerably overlapping each other (the cingula 
of p* being external to that of the canine). 
Measurements. On p. 115. 
Distribution. From 8. Chinaand Japan, through the Himalayas, 
the Mediterranean Subregion (exclusive of Egypt), and Central 
Europe to 8. England. 
Geographical races. There are, at least, six forms of Rh. ferrum- 
