114 MR. K, ANDERSEN ON BATS [May 16, 
Details.—(1) Compared with obsewrus : the subjoined particulars 
will make the difference evident :— 
59 specimens of the typical form have been examined from the 
following localities :—Transcaspia (1); Euphrates Valley (3) ; 
Syria (2); Galilee (2); Cyprus (2); N. Bulgaria (1); Trans- 
sylvania (31); Hungary (1); Moravia (2); Dalmatia (2); Turin 
(1); Genoa (1); Sicily (2); Switzerland (Tessin and Geneva * 7) ; 
Tiibingen (1). 
Forearm, in these specimens, on an average 57-5 mm. In no 
less than 44, 7. e. 75 per cent., the forearm measures 5/7 mum. or 
more (up to 60°3 mm.) ; in the remaining (and quite independent 
of the locality) Jess than 57 mm. (down to 53-5 mm.). 
Of obscurus 31 specimens have been examined from :—Troubate, 
Hautes- Pyrénées (8); Cintra, Portugal (1); Madrid (3); Valencia 
(12); Minorca (5); Algeria (2). 
Forearm, in these specimens, on an average 55:5 mm. In no 
less than 25, 7. e. 81 per cent., the forearm measures less than 
57 mm. (down to 52°8 mm.); in the remaining between 57 and 
58mm. Although the series is smaller than that of the typical 
form, the facts here pointed out cannot be due to mere chance ; 
the contrast is too well marked. 
As a conclusion: in the typical form the forearm measures 
generally 57 mm. or more; in obscwrus almost always less than 
57 mm.; maximum of obscurus is but a trifle larger than the 
average size of the typical form. 
(2) Compared with the eastern races: the proportionately 
longer tail prevents, in almost all cases, its confusion with any of 
these races. The skull is rather easily discriminated from that 
of tragatus and regulus (cf. measurements, p. 115), but I fail to find 
any point by which to distinguish it from the Japanese nippon. 
British specimens. 13 specimens have been examined. Yorearm 
on an average 55°4 mm., i.e., British specimens of ferrum-equinum 
are on an average of the same size as the extreme south-western 
(Spanish) race, Rh. f. obscurust. Of the 13 specimens, 2 only 
have the forearm 57 mm. long or more (up to 58 mm., quite as in 
obscurus); all the others between 53°8 and 56:2 mm. These indi- 
cations require, of course, verification by a much larger series §. 
Dentition (11 skulls). In seven skulls p, is present on both sides 
(teeth in very different stages of wear); in one, on one side only 
(teeth worn); in three (teeth almost unworn, or much worn) 
completely wanting (no alveoli). p* is present in all the skulls 
examined, two of which are of very aged individuals. Cingula of 
the upper canine and p' generally more or less overlapping, but 
in two skulls separated by an extremely small interspace, This 
dentition is almost exactly as in xippon. 
* For the loan of some Bats from the neighbourhood of Geneva I am indebted to 
M. Ch. Mottaz. 
+ A very elaborate table of measurements of fourteen Spanish specimens was 
kindly sent to me by Prof. A. Cabrera Latorre, Madrid. These are the only examples, 
dealt with in this paper, not examined by myself. 
+ Compare with this Rh. hipposiderus minutus, below, p. 142. 
§ To keep the typical form uninfluenced by the smaller British individuals, I 
exclude these latter from the table of measurements on p. 115. 
