1905. ] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 135 
Colour. $ ad.and 9 ad., in alcohol, unfaded; teeth unworn. 
As Lh. refulgens. 
Skull. As in Rh. swmatranus, but maxillar width, across the 
antero-external corners of m’*, narrower (8°1 mm., as against 8°6 
in Kh. swmatranus). 
Dentition. Kssentially as in Rh. swmatranus, but the interspace 
between the upper canine and p‘ broader; p, and p, not quite in 
contact. 
Type. 3 ad. (in alcohol). Kifa Juc, Engano. Collected by 
Dr. E. Modigliani. Presented by Marquis G. Doria. Brit. Mus. 
no. 94.1.7.3. 
General Remarks on the Rhinolophus lepidus Group. 
The ancestral species—The ancestors of the simplex and lepidus 
groups were very closely related. The latter had a projecting 
connecting process, a slightly smaller skull and teeth. But the 
general shape of the skull, the dentition, the nose-leaves, apart 
from the process and a very slight difference in the shape of the 
sella, the ears, the wing-sirwcture, the length of the tail, and, we 
might even say, probably the size, were either identical or ex- 
tremely similar in both of these extinct Bats. 
The place of origin.—There can scarcely be any doubt that 
the lepidus group originated much farther westwards than the 
simplea group. If we regard Japan as a continental group of 
islands, and put aside Java, on account of its peculiar geological 
history, we still find, not only the most primitive, but in fact all 
the species of the /epidus section on the Continent. It is only 
the aewminatus section which has spread over the adjacent larger 
islands, one of which (Sumatra) has comparatively recently been con- 
tinental, while another (Java), probably in a more remote period, 
seems to have been connected with some part or other of Indo- 
China; and only one form, still so closely related to the Java 
species as hardly to be specifically different, has found its way so 
far eastwards as Lombok. The hypothesis, therefore, cannot be 
called unfounded, that of the two ancestral species, the ancient 
“simplex” and the ancient “ lepidus,” the former was Hastern in 
vange (Austro-Indo-Malayan), the latier Western (Oriental). 
Differentiation * —From a systematic point of view I found it 
convenient to divide the lepidus section into three “types”; I 
think that, phylogenetically speaking, there are two only: the 
lepidus and the minor type. The former, as coming nearest to 
simplex in the proportionate size of the skull and teeth, is, 
probably, the more primitive; it is now distributed over the 
Jndian Peninsula (/epidus), the Himalayas (monticola), and Malacca 
(refulgens). The latter, the minor-type, has spread from the 
Himalayas (minor) eastwards through 8. China to Japan (cornutus) ; 
it is represented on the now quite isolated Anambas Islands 
(“ minutus”); its occurrence in Java is not surprising, considering 
* Compare the diagram on p. 1388. 
