1905. ] OF THE GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 137 
(2) The landeri-euryale type—The Ethiopian Rh. landeri 
(Fernando Po, Gaboon), Rh. lobatus (Lower Zambesi to Mombasa), 
and Rh. dobsoni* (Kordofan) have the small skull and the small 
teeth characteristic of minor-subbadius; the same shape of the 
skull; the same dentition (no vacillation in the position of p,); 
the process is that of a swbbadius. In so far there is no difference 
at all between this section and the former (empusa-blasii). But 
in the shape of the sella and in a certain peculiarity in the wing- 
structure they have taken a course of their own :— We have seen, 
in the simplex group, a progressive development from a sella 
constricted at the middle, through a parallel-margined stage, to 
a pandurate sella; we have seen in the lepidus group, too, the 
constricted sella (minor) modified into the parallel-margined 
(gracilis); the Hthiopian species here under consideration represent 
the third and final stage, the pandurate sella. In addition to this: 
in all of them IV. is peculiarly shortened: less than (extremely 
rarely, as a slight individual atavism, equal to) half the length 
of IV*. Asin Fh. empusa and blasii, II.’ is lengthened. 
Rh, euryale, from the Mediterranean Subregion, is so extremely 
closely allied to the above-named Ethiopian species that it shares 
with them ql essential characters (even the highly peculiar 
shortening of LV."), with one exception: i¢ has retained the parallel- 
margined sella. 
Summary.— When discussing the affinities of the Ethiopian 
species of the Ah. simplex group (above, pp. 117-20), I arrived 
at the conclusion that they are undoubtedly derived from 
Oriental types, and that, most probably, the ancestral species 
have spread directly from South Asia into the Ethiopian Region. 
As will be observed from this, a study of the Ethiopian repre- 
sentatives of the 2h. lepidus group leads to quite the same 
result: they have thei closest known allies in the Oriental 
Region, but they are, without exception, considerably more 
highly developed than any of their Oriental relatives. Bats of 
the subbadius-type have evidently spread from some part of 
South Asia southwestwards into the Ethiopian Region (empusa ; 
landeri, lobatus, dobsoni), and westwards over the Mediterranean 
countries (blasii; ewryale). Of all the species of the 2h. lepidus 
group only one has found its way to Lower Egypt, Rh. euryale. 
Tt is a species exclusively Mediterranean in range, and unusually 
lable to differentiation imto slightly differmg local forms’. 
Its presence in Lower Egypt is easily explained by invasion 
from the adjacent Asiatic coast of the Mediterranean, where it 
is very common (specimens from Lower Egypt are indistinguish- 
able from the Palestine form, Rh. e. judaicus) <. 
* Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. (1904) p. 156. 
+ Andersen and Matschie, “ Ueber einige geographische Formen der Untergattung 
Euryalus” (SB. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1904, pp. 71-83). 
{ Although it is beyond the strict limits of the present paper, I propose to insert 
a tew words on the remaining Ethiopian species of the genus :—The ethiops section 
(Rh. ethiops, hildebrandti, and fumigatus) are very closely related to the Hima- 
layan Rh. macrotis, but much more highly developed in the dentition, the wing- 
