144 MR. K. ANDERSEN ON BATS [May 16, 
proof that it did not reach Erythrea and Sennar from the Mediter- 
ranean, by way of the Nile Valley, but via the formerly existing, 
broad land-connection between 8.W. Asia and N.E. Africa. The 
individuals which established themselves in Central Europe, N. 
of the Balkans and the Alps, gradually making their way as far 
north as the Baltic, developed into a distinct, larger race (Lh. h. 
typicus). The British colony, originally the extreme western off- 
shoot of the larger form, but soon cut off from communication 
with the Continental main stem, also developed into a distinct 
race (Rh. h, minutus); it got the not unusual stamp of an island 
form: the smaller size; and so it came to occupy, seemingly, 
but neither phylogenetically nor geographically, a somewhat 
intermediate position between the northern and southern 
races of hipposiderus, between its immediate and its more remote 
progenitors. 
It is worth noticing that Rh. hipposiderus is distributed over the 
whole of England, occurring also in several places in Ireland, 
whereas Rh. ferrum-equinum is confined to the extreme south 
of England, apparently not farther north than Hssex, Gloucester, 
and Pembroke, and has never reached Ireland. It may indicate 
that of these two comparatively recent immigrants into the 
British Islands, Rh. hipposiderus was the earlier comer. ‘This 
assumption seems strengthened by another fact. On the Continent 
Rh. hipposiderus goes farther northwards and considerably higher 
up on the mountains than ferrwm-equinum. Tt is but reasonable 
to suppose that the more hardy species was also the first to make 
its way to England. 
TV. SUMMARY. 
1. A progressive evolution is pointed out from the Austro- 
Malayan 2h. simplex, through a long series of Oriental forms, to 
the Western Palearctic Rh. ferrum-equinum (pp. 76-120 ; résumé 
pp. 116-120). 
2. A similar chain from the Oriental Ah. lepidus to the 
Western Palearctic Rh. blasii and Rh. euryale (pp. 123-138 ; 
résumé pp. 135-138). 
3. The Western Palearctic Rh. hipposiderus has no closer 
known relative than Rh. midas from the coast of the Persian 
Gulf, which again can be traced back to the Oriental Ah. minor 
(pp. 138-144). 
4, All the Ethiopian representatives of the genus Rhinolophus 
are of Oriental origin (pp. 117-120, 186-138). 
5. The following 26 forms (14 species and 12 subspecies) are 
described as new, all of them Austro-Malayan, Oriental, or 
Asiatic-Palearctic :—h. simplex, p. 76; megaphyllus monachus, 
p- 80; nanus, p. 82; celebensis, p. 83; virgo, p. 88; nereis, p. 90; 
stheno, p. 91; rouwi sinicus, p. 98; thomasi, p. 100; affinis hima- 
layanus, p. 103; a. tener, p. 103; @ macrurus, p. 103; a. supe- 
rans, p. 104; a. nesiées, p. 104; a. princeps, p. 1065 ferrum- 
