1905. ] ANATOMY OF LIMICOLINE BIRDS, 159 
Its insertion is muscular, and just below that of the posterior 
division (text-fig. 26, L.A. and 3). The posterior division is absent 
in Scolopax, present in the others, and its proximal edge touches 
the distal edge of the anterior division in Wdicnemus (text-fig. 26, 
L.P. and 4) and Hydrophasianus, but not in the others. In Hydro- 
phasianus and @dienemus the two muscles are almost continuous, 
although they cross before insertion, at which point they are closely in 
contact ; whilst in the others the tendon of the posterior division is 
separated by a short gap from the muscular and more distal insertion 
to the humerus of the anterior division; this tendon is always 
in close association with the humeral anchor of the anconeeus. 
Text-fig. 26. 
Shoulder-muscles of Gdicnemus scolopazx. 
Left shoulder ; external view. 
2, Tendon of supra-coracoideus. A.S. Anconeus scapularis, the reference lines 
pointing respectively to the humeral origin and the scapular anchor. S.A. 
Scapuli-humeralis anterior. §S.P. Scapuli-humeralis posterior. S. Expansor 
secundariorum. L.A. Latissimus dorsi anterior. L.P, Latissimus dorsi 
posterior. 3. Insertion of lat. dors. ant. 4. Common insertion of lat. dors. 
post. and humeral anchor of ancon. scapularis. 
The posterior division, where present, tends to spread backwards 
to reach the ilium and part of the ribs. In Chionis its origin is 
limited to the vertical anterior edge of the ilium, whilst the gap 
between it and the anterior muscle is wider than in any of the 
other birds. 
The archecentric, or most generalised, condition of these muscles 
in Birds appears to be the existence of an anterior and posterior 
division, fairly well separated at their origins and close together 
