1905. ] ANATOMY OF LIMICOLINE BIRDS. 163 
other birds on my list the condition is much more complex, but 
as the complexity is similar in all, it is unnecessary to add to the 
figures given on plate xxi. of Fiirbringer’s great monograph (2). 
The longus tendon has an anchor to the humerus in all: it is 
broad and partly doubled in Chionis, Scolopax, Vanellus, and 
Himantopus ; it is single in Glareola, Thinocorus, Hydrophasianus, 
Charadrius, Rhynchea, and Gallinago, although in these a greater 
width in the elastic portion shows a tendency to duplication. In 
all, from just below the middle of its course, it sends a tendinous 
anchor inwards and downwards to join with the a portion of the 
brevis tendon ; the width of this anchor and the exact point and 
mode of junction with the brevis tendon differ, but the details do 
not appear sufficiently important for individual description. The 
brevis tendon is doubled in all, the duplication being complete 
from origin to insertion. A well-defined tendon nearest to the 
biceps runs towards the elbow, where it is practically free from 
the second portion of the brevis; its extremity corresponds 
with y of Fiirbringer and it occasionally turns in towards the elbow, 
or may run a straight course towards the ulnar margin of the arm. 
The second division of the brevis is stronger and wider; it runs 
parallel with the latter, and nearer the longus tendon. At its 
distal extremity it divides into two well-marked slips—the proximal, 
being the # of Fiirbringer and spreading out into a fan running 
tonal ds the ulnar margin of the arm, whilst the more distal, 
the a of Fiirbringer, receives the anchor from the longus. 
Pectoralis propatagialis—This slip is present in all the birds 
on my list. Leaving the pectoralis major it joins the deltoides 
patagialis before the muscular part of that muscle has given off 
the longus and brevis tendons, but its fibres run towards the 
longus rather than to the brevis. It is weakest in Glareola and 
Thinocorus. 
Biceps patagialis.—This muscular slip, to the presence or absence 
of which Garrod attached so much importance, is present in all 
these birds and joins the longus. It is much weaker in Glareola 
and Hydrophasianus, where it is little more than a tendon. In 
Edicnemus it sends a slip to the patagium, recalling the arrange- 
ment which I have described in Heliornis (7, text-fig. 78, p. 640). 
Its length varies, it being much longest in Himantopus, where its 
distal end nearly reaches the radial margin of the arm—an 
extremely specialised condition. Where the biceps is double, the 
origin of the biceps patagialis is sometimes from both portions (text- 
fig. 27, BI. P. p. 161), but in other cases it comes from the acro- 
coracoid head only, and in others again from the humeral head. 
The condition of these alar muscles and tendons is of con- 
siderable interest. The first salient point is that Mdicnemus 
stands markedly apart from the others, showing in these 
structures, as in the biceps, an arrangement much more resembling 
that found in the Gruiformes, and, indeed, in many other birds, 
than the typical Limicoline condition. On the other hand, just 
as the complexity of the biceps in the Limicole recalls the similar 
ie 
