332 MR. OLDFIELD THOMAS ON [Nov. 28, 
further the cause of zoological exploration, to bear the cost of a 
collector working systematically through the islands of the Far 
East, and I now have to give an account of the Mammals obtained 
by that collector—Mr. Malcolm P. Anderson—in Japan, where 
he has begun his labours. 
The selection of Japan for the first field of Mr. Anderson’s work 
was almost a necessity, for practically nothing has been done 
with regard to the Mammalogy of that country since the time 
of Siebold and Burger, whose collections resulted in Temminck’s 
great work of 1842-45, while authentic modern specimens of the 
species then described were necessary before any further progress 
could be made. It is true that, by the liberality of the Leyden 
Museum, typical specimens of most of Temminck’s species were 
distributed to many European museums, our own National Museum 
receiving a very complete set, but these specimens, 60 to 70 years 
old, are all naturally much deteriorated by exposure to light, 
while scarcely any of them have any more exact locality recorded 
than “ Japan.” 
Under these circumstances no words can express the value of 
the fine series of specimens obtained by Mr. Anderson, who has 
proved himself a most successful collector, and one well able to do 
full justice to the liberality of our President. The specimens, 
which are of all classes, after being exhibited before the Society, 
are to be transferred by His Grace to our National Museum, 
where they will be most gratefully appreciated. 
Mr. Anderson landed at Yokohama in July 1904, and began 
collecting at once in Hondo (Central and North), and made two 
trips to Hokkaido in September and November. 
Later he went to the two large southern islands, Shikoku in 
March 1905, and Kiushiu in April and May, the specimens from 
this latter being particularly valuable, as the Dutch Factory, from 
which the Leyden Museum obtained its materials, was situated at 
Nagasaki, at the south-eastern corner of the island. 
Lastly, Mr. Anderson visited the Oki group of islands, to the 
north of Southern Hondo, and Tanegashima, south of Kiushiu, 
while his brother, Mr. Robert Anderson, went to Yakushima, 
still further south. The specimens from these separate island 
collections 1 have included in an Appendix to the paper. 
In all, the mammals: referred to in the present communication 
number about 600 examples, belonging to 50 species and sub- 
species. Of these I have found it necessary to give new names 
to twelve, besides describing one new Shrew discovered by 
Mr. Hawker in 1903. The fine new Marten, Mustela melampus 
bedfordi, now figured, but described last session, is also to be 
eredited to Mr. Anderson’s collection. 
As yet I am chary of making any general conclusions about 
the mammal-fauna of Japan. It is, however, evident from this 
collection that there is little faunistic difference between Shikoku, 
Kiushiu, and the main southern portion of Hondo, but that a 
number of species do not extend into the north of Hondo, where 
