1907.] ELEPHA^iTT REMAINS FROM CRETE. 241 



being : — approximate antero-posterioi" leng'th 72 mm., greatest 

 width of crown 28 mm., and total height 65 mm. Compared 

 with the specimen (49267)* identified by Falconer as M. 1 of 

 E. meUtensis, this last is somewhat narrower in the crown, which 

 is 33 mm. across, though this may be partly accounted for by the 

 diftei-ence in age, and it is likely that the two would originally 

 have closely agreed in this respect. On the other hand, in height 

 the molar from Malta greatly exceeds the one from Crete, being- 

 very high in relation to its width, as already noted by Falconer ; 

 furthei', the cement-areas in the Cretan fossil are distinctly 

 bi'oader. 



Loiver Molars. — Of the seven molars obtained not one can be 

 referred to a position among the milk-teeth, while, owing to 

 imj)erfect preservation, it is impossible in one or two cases to make 

 certain of the place originally occupied in the permanent series. 

 The first true molar appears not to be represented. Two specimens, 

 both belonging to the i-ight side of the mandible, are believed 

 to be second true violars. One (M. 9378 a) has been considerably 

 weathered and is much worn, all except the last of the plates 

 having been in use ; the number of these was at least nine. The 

 cement-areas are broad and the enamel bands thick and smooth, 

 wiiile in two, if not three, of them there is a median loop, 

 though this is unaccompanied by a mesial expansion of the plates 

 of dentine. 



The other tooth (M. 9378, PL XIII. figs. 1, 1 «), regarded as a 

 second true molar, is also extensively worn, the penultimate ridge 

 being ah-eady slightly abraded ; although it is broken off anteriorly 

 seven plates remain as well as a portion of an eighth. The width 

 of the seventh plate (counting from the rear) is 37 mm., while the 

 height of the preantepenultimate one is only 33 mm. ; the enam^el 

 is massive and in the four posterior used plates is somewhat 

 irregular, while the cement separating the anterior ridges is con- 

 siderably excavated. A comparison shows this Cretan specimen 

 to be broader and much lower in the crown than a corresjjonding, 

 though less Avorn, tooth of E. cyjrriotes (M. 8588) t. 



Judging from their size it is probable that two other lower true 

 molars, very imperfectly preserved, also represent the second of 

 the permanent series. One of these (M. 9382) is situated in the 

 posterior half of a left mandibular ramus ; it probably consisted 

 of eight 01' nine plates and, like most of the teeth obtained of 

 E. creticus^ is low-crowned and has thick enamel bands and wide 

 cement-areas. The other example (M. 9380) is a portion of a much 

 damaged right molar ; the worn surfaces of two ridges remain and 

 seem in no way to difler from those of the specimens already 

 described. 



The last lower molar (M. 3) is represented by three specimens, 

 none of which is in an advanced stage of wear. Two of these, 



* Falconer, Pal. Mem. vol. ii. pi. 11. figs. 2, 2 a, p. 294; also identified bj' Busk as 

 M. 1 ? of E.Jalooueri, Trans. Zool. See. vol. vi. part v. pi. 53. fi<is. 9, 9 a. 

 t Phil. Trans, vol. 197 B (1904), p. 355, pi. 21. figs. 3, 3 a. 



